Karnataka 1st PUC Economics Question Bank Chapter 6 Rural Development
1st PUC Economics Rural Development Textbook Questions and Answers
I. Choose the correct answers (each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1.
Most of the agricultural laborers are
(a) Rich
(b) Middle class
(c) Poor
(d) Upper class
Answer:
(c) Poor
Question 2.
The leather industry and tourism are
(a) Non-farm sectors
(b) Farm sectors
(c) other sectors
(d) Productive activities
Answer:
(a) Non-farm sectors
Question 3.
The increased milk production can be mainly attributed to the successful implementation of
(a) Operation food
(b) Operation flood
(c) Operation blue
(d) Operation fruit
Answer:
(b) Operation flood
Question 4.
It is an agricultural allied activity
(a) Poultry
(b) Cottage industry
(c) Small scale industry
(d) Tourism
Answer:
(a) Poultry
II. Fill in the blanks (each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1.
The growth of real India is possible only from the development of……………
Answer:
Villages
Question 2.
At the time of independence exploited the small and marginal farmers.
Answer:
Moneylenders and traders
Question 3.
……………..farming is free from chemicals.
Answer:
Organic
Question 4.
The fishing community regards the water bodies as
Answer:
Mother or provider
Question 5.
………..trade predominates agricultural market.
Answer:
Private
III. Match the following (Each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1.
| A | B |
| 1. NABARD | (a) Milk production |
| 2. ‘Moneylender | (b) Institutional source |
| 3. Green revolution | (C) Fruit production |
| 4. Golden revolution | (d) Non-institutional force |
| 5. White revolution | (e) Food Production |
Answer:
| A | B |
| 1. NABARD | (b) Institutional source |
| 2. ‘Moneylender | (d) Non-institutional force |
| 3. Green revolution | (e) Food Production |
| 4. Golden revolution | (C) Fruit production |
| 5. White revolution | (a) Milk production |
IV. Answer the following questions in a word/sentence (each question carries 1 mark)
Question 1.
What is rural development?
Answer:
Rural development means improvement of the socio-economic lives of rural people by providing basic infrastructures which make them engage in productive activities, In simple words, the term rural development refers to the overall development of the rural economy.
Question 2.
Give the meaning of agricultural marketing.
Answer:
It refers to a process of assembling. storing. processing. grading. packing and distributing agricultural products throughout the country.
Question 3.
What is organic farming?
Answer:
It is that farming that relies on crop rotation, green manure. compost and biological pest control for growing crops. It is the whole system of farming that restores, maintains, and enhances the ecological balance.
Question 4.
Expand PDS.
Answer:
Public Distribution System.
V. Answer the following questions ¡n fou sentences (each question carries 2 marks)
Question 1.
Name the areas which are challenging and need fresh initiatives for rural development.
Answer:
The areas which are challenging and need fresh initiatives for rural development are as follows:
- Development of human resources
- Land reforms
- Development of the productive resources of each locality
- Infrastnicture development
- Special measures for alleviation of poverty.
Question 2.
Give the meaning of rural development.
Answer:
Rural development means improvement of the socio-economic lives of the rural people by providing basic infrastructures which make them engage them in productive activities. In simple words. the term rural development refers to the overall development of the rural economy.
Question 3.
How did moneylenders exploit the rural farmers?
Answer:
Moneylenders and traders exploited small and marginal farmers and landless laborers
- Charging vers high rates of interest
- Manipulating the accounts to keep them permanently in a debt trap
- Trespassing the agricultural lands by misusing their illiteracy
- Making debtors into bonded laborers.
Question 4.
Name the institutional sources of rural credit. (S-2018)
Answer:
The institutional sources of rural credit are as follows:
- Commercial Banks
- Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
- Cooperative Societies
- Land Deeloprnent Banks.
Question 5.
Give two examples for the alternative markets.
Answer:
The examples for the alternative market are:
- Rvthara Santhe in Karnataka.
- Rvthu Bazaar in Andhra Pradesh (Vegetable and Fruit markets)
- Apni Mandi in Punjab. Haryana and Rajasthan.
Question 6.
Name the two life-giving sources of the fishing community.
Answer:
The major life-giving sources for the fishing community are rivers, lakes, oceans, natural and aquatic ponds.
Question 7.
Mention the benefits of organic farming. (N-2018)
Answer:
The main benefits of organic farming are as follows:
- It offers a means to substitute costlier agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizers, pesticides) with cheaper ones
- It generates income through exports
- It contributes to ecological balance
- Provides healthy and chemical-free food.
Question 8.
What is the role of self-help groups in providing rural credit?
Answer:
The major role of self-help groups is to encourage small savings from each member and the pooled money is given as loans and advances to the needed member at a very low rate of interest and also at easy repayment installments.
VII. Answer the following questions in twelve sentences (each question carries 4 marks)
Question 1.
List out the major problems of rural development.
Answer:
The major problems which need fresh initiatives for development in rural India are as follows:
(a) Development of human resources: The development of human resources includes promotion of literacy particularly female literacy, education, and skill development, providing health care by addressing both sanitation and public health.
(b) Land reforms: The land reforms include a ceiling on land holdings, prevention of fragmentation and subdivision of land, and making the tiller the owner of the land.
(c) Infrastructure development: The development of infrastructure like provision of electricity, irrigation, banking, marketing, transportation (village roads, feeder roads to nearby highways), agricultural research centers, information, etc.
(d) Poverty alleviation measures: Special measures for poverty alleviation and bringing progress among weaker sections of the population and giving importance to productive employment opportunities are also part of the major issues of the rural economy.
Question 2.
Explain the drawbacks of the agriculture market. (S-2018)(N-2018)
Answer:
Agricultural marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading, and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country.
The major drawbacks of agriculture marketing in India are as follows:
- Long-chain of middlemen taking away the profit of farmers
- No proper storage facilities to protect the agricultural products
- Faulty methods of weighing/measuring agricultural crops
- Manipulation of accounts
- Farmers are forced to sell their products at low prices due to a lack of information.
Question 3.
Write a short note on alternative markets. (Board Paper)
Answer:
The examples for emerging alternate marketing channels are as follows:
- Farmers directly sell their agricultural produce to consumers. Example: Apni Mandi in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, Rythu Bazars (vegetables and fruits markets) in Andhra Pradesh, Uzhavar Sandhai – (a farmers market) in Tamil Nadu.
- Agricultural contracts several domestic and multinational companies entering agreements
with Indian farmers in which farmers are encouraged to grow farm products (vegetables and traits) of desired quality by providing them with not only seeds and other inputs but also assured procurement of the produce at predecided prices.
The main benefits of alternative agricultural marketing channels are:
- Tire fanners get seeds and other agricultural inputs
- Farmers are assured of procurement of agricultural products at predecided prices
- Help in reducing price risk of farmers
- Expansion of markets for farm products in India and abroad.
VII. Answer the following questions in twenty sentences, (each question carries 6 marks)
Question 1.
Explain the measures taken by the government to improve the agricultural marketing system.
Answer:
The Government of India has undertaken the following steps to improve the agricultural market in India. They are as follows:
(a) Establishment of regulated markets: The regulated markets are those markets that are controlled and managed by the government to provide orderly and transparent marketing conditions like better storage facilities, fair prices, removing middlemen, etc. This has benefited many farmers and consumers.
(b) Provision of infrastructural facilities: The provision of physical infrastructural facilities like roads, railways, warehouses, godowns. cold storage and processing units will make the agricultural sector a commercial and profit-oriented sector in India. The current infrastructural facilities are not adequate.
(c) Establishment of Cooperative Marketing Societies: These societies are encouraged by the government to realize fair prices for agricultural products and ensure better income for the farmers. The success of Milk Cooperative Societies in transforming the social and economic conditions of Gujarat is worth mentioning.
(d) The other measures are:
- Assurance of minimum support prices (MSP) for agricultural products to sate guard the farmers against losses
- Maintenance of buffer stocks of wheat and rice by the Food Corporation of India
- Distribution of essential commodities like wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene under Public Distribution System.
Question 2.
Write short notes on the following.
(a) Horticulture
(b) Fisheries
Answer:
(a) Horticulture: It is one of the types of farming in which cultivation of land is undertaken to grow crops like fruits, vegetables, flowers, medicinal plants, spices, and plantation crops. India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables. The economic condition of many farmers engaged in horticulture has improved and horticulture has become a means of improving livelihood for many poor families of rural India.
Flower harvesting, nursery maintenance, hybrid seed production, and tissue culture, propagation of fruits and flowers, and food processing are highly remunerative employment for women laborers in India.
(b) Fisheries: The fishing community regards the water bodies as their mother. The major sources of life for the fishing community are rivers, lakes, oceans, natural and aquatic ponds. In India, after a progressive increase in budget allocation, we can see the development of fisheries. About 49% of fish production comes from inland sources and the remaining from the ocean and sea. Among the states, Kerala, Gujarath, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are the major producers of marine products.
Question 3.
Write a note on animal husbandry.
Answer:
Animal husbandry i.e., livestock rearing includes cattle breeding, goats, fowl rearing, etc. Livestock production provides stable income, food security, fuel, and nutrition for the family, in rural areas. In India, more than 70 million small and marginal farmers have got alternate livelihood options from animal husbandry.
If the distribution of livestock rearing is taken into consideration, poultry accounts for the largest share. The other animals which include camels, asses, horses, etc., are also found remunerative. In India, we have about 28.7 crores of cattle including 9 crores of buffaloes.
The performance of the Indian dairy sector has been remarkable in the past few decades. This is mainly because of the implementation of ‘Operation Flood’. It is a system whereby all the farmers can pool their milk produced according to different gradings and the same is processed and marketed to urban centers. In this, the farmers are assured of fair price and minimum income from the supply of milk to urban areas.
Animal husbandry is undertaken to develop organic farming by developing green manure and the animal waste is being used to produce gobar gas in rural areas.
Meat, eggs, wool, and other byproducts are also emerging as important productive sectors in animal husbandry.
Question 4.
List out the benefits of organic farming.
Answer:
It is that farming that relies on crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control for growing crops. It is the whole system of farming that restores, maintains, and enhances the ecological balance.
The main benefits of organic farming are as follows:
- It offers a means to substitute costlier agricultural inputs (chemical fertilizers, pesticides) with cheaper ones.
- It generates income through exports.
- It contributes to ecological balance.
- Provides healthy and chemical-free food.
- organic farming contributes to higher production and productivity.
- It enhances the quality and quantity of agricultural products.
- Provides alternative employment opportunities to rural people.
- Helps in the prevention of deterioration infertility and conservation of soil.