Karnataka 2nd PUC Business Studies Notes Chapter 7 Directing
→ Meaning: Directing is a continuous process through which mangers interact with the employees of the enterprise.
→ Definition: Direction is telling people what to do and seeing that they do it to the best of their ability. It includes making assignments, explaining procedures seeing that mistakes are corrected.
→ Importance:
- Action Oriented
- Integration of efforts
- Efficient use of resources
- Essential element
- Efficiency
- Flexibility
- Clarity
- Discipline
- Coordination
- Creation of leaders.
→ Elements of Directions: Delegation, Supervision, Leadership, Motivation, Communication & Coordination.
→ Delegation: It involves issuing order by the supervisor to the subordinates Supervision: It ensures the work to be performed as per the plans and contributes for achieving organizational goals.
→ Leadership: It is the process of influencing the subordinates to work willingly and enthusiastically for achieving the goals of an organization.
→ Motivation: it creates in men the desire & sense of belongingness to work for the organization
→ Communication: Through communication manager issues guidelines to the subordinates as to what they should do and how they should do it.
→ Co ordination: It implies proper integration of activities of various members involved in achieving organizational goals.
→ Supervision: Supervision refers to the difference & immediate guidance & control of subordinates in performance of their tasks.
→ Importance of supervision : Issue of orders instructions, planning & organizing the work, Vital link between workers & management, Motivating subordinates, Feed back to workers, proper assignment of work, Maintain discipline.
→ Motivation: It is derived from a Latin word ‘movere’ which means ‘to move’ or to ‘energize’ or to ‘activate’. Motivation helps in converting the ability to work in to willingness to work.
→ Definition: Motivation is a general term applying class of drives, needs, wishes, & similar forces
→ Leadership: It is the one of responsibilities of a supervisor is to provide proper & effective leadership to his subordinates.
→ Definition: A leader is one who guides & directs other people. He must give their efforts a direction & purpose
→ Types of leadership:
- Autocratic leadership,
- Democratic leadership,
- Laissez faire leadership,
- Bureaucratic leadership.
→ Autocratic leadership: It is style of leadership where the leader runs the whole show ‘ by himself. He doesn’t delegate authority and wants his subordinates to according to his order.
→ Democratic leadership: This type of leadership is also known as participative leadership. Here the leaders take the suggestion and opinions from his subordinate and allow them to participate in decision making and in its implementation.
→ Laissez faire leadership: Here the leader allow his subordinates to take their own decisions for them self A complete freedom is given to staff to determine the goals, make decisions and problems on their own.
→ Bureaucratic leadership: Here the leader goes by the rules of the book. Everything is done in accordance with the procedure or policy.
→ Qualities of a successful leader: A good leader is one who sets vision goals & motivates people & obtains their commitment to achieve their goals & realize the vision.
→ Some of qualities of a successful leader are: Honesty, Ability to delegate, communication, confidence, willingness to take risk, positive-attitude, creativity, Initiative, Passion, Courage, Emotional Stability, Art of management, Generosity, Ability to listen.
→ Honesty: A leader should be honest & his honesty will make his sub-ordinates follow him
Ability to delegate: one who has the ability to delegate the authority & responsibility to his sub-ordinates so that they also participate in effective management.
→ Communication: A leader should be good at communicating ideas, decision, orders etc only then he can persuade, inform, stimulate & direct his sub-ordinates.
→ Confidence: Leader should be self confident & be able to create confidence in his subordinates. Willingness to take risk: Leader should be willing to take calculated risk & should be ready for any unexpected happenings.
→ Positive attitude: Leader should have a positive outlook towards achieving the goals & also instill the same in his sub-ordinates
→ Creativity: A leader should think beyond the existing possibilities. New ideas may bring best results.
→ Initiative: Leader should lead by initiating action & not by delegating & waiting for things to happens.
→ Passion: Great leader is passionate about his work & he passes on this trait to subordinates too.
→ Courage: Leader should always be bold to accept challenges & new responsibilities. This in turn makes the subordinates more courageous.
→ Emotional Stability: leader should think intellectually & not sentimentally or emotionally.
→ Art of management: A leader should have art of understanding & managing the subordinates.
→ Generosity: Leader should be generous in praising the good work & deeds of his subordinates.
→ Ability to listen: Leader should be a good listener. He should not only listen to the directions given by his superiors but also listen to subordinates.
→ Communication: It is the art of transmitting information, ideas, & attitudes from one person to another.
→ Definition: Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more person.
→ Importance of communication: Co-ordination, Smooth working, Effective Decision making, Managerial Efficiency, co-ordination, Effective Leadership, Increases Productivity, Morale Building.
→ Two types of communication: Formal & informal communication
→ Formal Communication: Person in the organization communications using formal channels of the organization structure along the lines of authority established by the management.
→ Informal Communication: It is also called as informal commijnication. It is less official and rule driven. In grapevine communication employees communicates orally under causal situations.
→ Barriers to effective communication: Communication is complete & perfect when the receiver understands the message in same sense.
→ Following are the barriers to Effective communication:
- Physical barriers,
- semantic barriers,
- organization barriers,
- psychological barriers.
1. Physical barriers: The working environment such as sound of machines and equipments, distance, noise creates physical barriers in communication.
2. Semantic barriers: The use of difficult words and multiple meaning words or use of different language, figures and symbol creates semantic barriers.
3. Organization barriers: This arises from goals, regulations, structure and culture of an organization.
4. Psychological barriers: these are barriers to effective communication created due to lack of interest in the people perception, filtering, distrust for which communication is meant
→ How to overcome the barriers of communication: Clarity of ideas, Communication according to the need of the receiver, Consult other before communication, Beware of language tone & content of message, Convey things of helps & value to the listener, Ensure proper feedback, Consistency of Message, Follow up Communication, Be a good Listener.