Category: Uncategorized

Students can Download 2nd PUC Physics Model Question Paper 2 with Answers, Karnataka 2nd PUC Physics Model Question Papers with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Physics Model Question Paper 2 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs 15 Min
Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. All parts are compulsory.
2. Answers without relevant diagram/figure/circuit wherever necessary will not cany any marks
3. Direct answers to the Numerical problems without detailed solutions will not carry any marks.

Part – A

I. Answer all the following questions ( 10 × 1 = 10 )

Question 1.
Write the SI unit of Electric field.
Answer:
Newton per coulomb (N/C)

Question 2.
When will the magnetic force on a movi¬ng charge be maximum in a mag notified?
Answer:
F = qVBsinθ , If θ = 90° (F_m – qυB)
The magnetic force is maximum only when moving charge is ⊥^r to field.

Question 3.
Where on the Earth’s surface is the magnetic dip zero?
Answer:
At equator, dip is zero

Question 4.
State Curie’s law in magnetism.
Answer:
The magnetic susceptability of a para magnetic substance varies inversely to its absolute temperature(T).
i.e x α \(\frac{\mathrm{C}}{\mathrm{T}}\) (x = \(\frac{\mathrm{C}}{\mathrm{T}}\))

Question 5.
What is the significance of Lenz’s law?
Answer:
Law of conservation of energy.

Question 6.
Write the formula for Malus law.
Answer:
i = i₀cos²θ
Where I → is intensity of the light transmitted by the analyser.
I₀ → is intensity of the light incident on the analyser.
θ → is angle between the pass axes of the analyser & polariser.

Question 7.
What is the ratio of the nuclear densities of two nuclei having mass numbers in the ratio 1:3?
Answer:

Nuclear density is independent of mass number & is approximately constant.
Hence \(\frac{P_{1}}{P_{2}}\) = 1

Question 8.
Define current amplification factor in a common – emitter mode of transistor.
Answer:
It is defined as the ratio of change in collector current ( _ΔI_c )to the change in base current (_ΔI_b) at constant collector emitter voltage (V_CE) when the transistor is in active state

Question 9.
Write the truth table of NAND gate.
Truth table of NAND gate

Question 10.
Why sky wave propagation is not possi¬ble for waves having frequency more than 30 MHz?
Answer:
The sky wave range is short & it is used in short wave broad cast service.

Part – B

II. Answer anyfive ofthe following questions. ( 5 × 3 = 15 )

Question 11.
Sketch the electric lines of force due to a point charge q. If i) q<0 and ii) q>0
Answer:

Question 12.
A galvanometer having a coil of resistance 12 Ω gives full scale deflection for a current of 4 mA. How can it be converted into a voltmeter of range 0 to 24V?
Answer:
Given G = 12 Ω, I_g = 4 x 10^-3A. V = 24V
We have,
\(\mathrm{R}=\frac{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{I}_{\mathrm{B}}}-\mathrm{G}\)

R = 5988Ω
A resistance of 5988 Ω must be connected in series with galvanometer.

Question 13.
Distinguish between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances.
Answer:

Paramagnetic substances	Ferromagnetic Substances
1. Paramagnetics are feebly attracted by magnets.	1. They are strongly attracted by magnets.
2. Magnetic permeability is slightly greater than one i.e. Mr>1	2. Relative permeability is greater than 1000
3. Magnetic susceptability is low & positive.	3. Magnetic susceptability is +ve & large.

Question 14.
What is meant by Self Inductance and Mutual Inductance?
Answer:

1. The phenomena in which an emf is induced in a coil due to change of current through the same coil is known as self-induction.
2. The phenomena in which an emf is induced in one coil due to change of current is the neighbouring coil is called mutual induction

Question 15.
What are electromagnetic waves? Write the expression for the velocity of electro magnetic waves in terms of permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space.
Answer:
The waves in which there are a sinusoidal variation of electric & magnetic field vectors at right angles to each other & also right angle to the direction of propagation of the wave is called e.m waves.
∴ The expression for velocity of e.m. wave is
\(C=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_{0} \varepsilon_{0}}}\) Where µ₀ → is permeability of free
space, ε₀ → is the permittivity of free space.

Question 16.
Write the relation between the path difference and wavelength of light wave used for constructive and destructive interference of light.
Answer:
a) For constructive interference
∴ Path difference = 2n\(\frac{\lambda}{2}\) = nλ
Wheve λ → is wave length of light used
n → 0, 1, 2,
b) For destructive interference :
∴ Path difference = (2n+l)\(\frac{\lambda}{2}\)
Wheve λ → is wave length of light used n → 0, 1, 2,………

Question 17.
Define :
i) photoelectric work function
ii) electron volt (ev)
i) Photoelectric work fraction : the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the metal surface is called work function, i.e. w = hV₀
Where h → is planck’s constant
V₀ → is threshold frequency
ii) Electron volt is the kinetic energy gained by an electron when it is accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt.
i.e. lev = 1.602 × 10^-19J.

Question 18.
Draw the block diagram of a AM receiver.
Answer:

x → Intermediate frequency stage
y → power amplifier

Part – C

III. Answer any five of the following questions. ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 19.
Derive an expression for potential energy of a system of two charges in the absence of external electric field.

Consider 2 point charges q₁ & q₂ are separated by a distance ‘r’ are as sho in the fig.
∴ The change q₁ is bringing from ∞ to given point A, No work done i.e. w₁= 0 |||ly the charge q₂ is bringing from ∞ to given point ‘B’ against us field q₂
∴work is done it is given by
i.e. w₂ = vq₂

Question 20.
Arrive at an expression for drift velocity.

Controller a metalic conductor is connected to a battery
Let \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}} \rightarrow\) is E.f. setup inside the conductor
m → is mass of electom
e → charge of free elector
V_d → is drift velovity
τ → is ralaxation time
the force experienced by an electron in the field is given by \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{F}}=-\mathrm{e} \overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}\)
-Ve sign shows that divertion of \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}\) & \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{F}}\) are in apposite each other

Question 21.
State and explain Gauss law in magnetism.
Answer:
The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is always zero
\(\sum \overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}} \cdot \overrightarrow{\mathrm{As}}=0\)

consider a closed surface
S in a uniform
\(\mathrm{M} . \mathrm{F} \cdot \overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}\) Let \(\overrightarrow{\Delta \mathrm{S}}\)
be a small area element of this surface with \(\hat{n}\)
along its normal

Question 22.
Derive the expression for motional emf induced in a conductor moving in a uniform magnetic field.
Answer:
Consider a straight metallic rod PQ of length ‘t’ placed in a uniform M.F. \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}\). The rod is moved with a velocity \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{v}}\) is a direction ⊥^r to
\(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}\) Let the rod moved through a distance ‘x’ in time‘t’ them the area covered by the rod is A= 1 xx The magnetic flux linked with the rod is
Φ = B.A Φ = B1x
∴ The included emf in the rod is

Motional emf (e – Blv)
∴ \(\mathrm{v}=\frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{dt}}\)

Question 23.
With a diagram, explain the working of a transformer.

Answer:
AC voltage is applied to the primary, it creates a varying M.F. & hence a changing magnetic flux in the core. Since the secondary coil is magnetically coupled, due to the mutual induction the changing flux causes induced emf in it. Thus, the power is transferred from primary to secondary.

Question 24.
What is total internal reflection? Mention two applications of optical fibres.
Answer:
The phenomena of complete reflection of light at the interface of two optical media when a ray of light travelling in denser medium is called total internal reflection.

• Optical fibre are used in telecommunication
• It is used to measure rate of flow of blood.

Question 25.
What are the matter waves? Write the expression for De – Broglie wavelength of a particle and explain the terms.
Answer:
The waves associated with material particles in motion is called matter waves. The expression for de Broglie wavelength is \(\lambda=\frac{\mathrm{h}}{\mathrm{mv}}\)
where
h → is Planck’s constant
m → is mass of moving particle
v → is the velocity of moving particle.

Question 26.
Write three differences between n-type and p-type semiconductors.
Answer:
P – type S.C.

1. It is a semiconductor doped with trivalent impurities.
2. Majority charge carriers are holes
3. The impurit atom is called acceptor impurity.

n-type S.c

1. It is a semiconductor doped with pentavalent impurities.
2. Majority charge carriers are electron
3. The impurity atom is called Sonar impurity

Part – D

IV. Answer any two of the following questions  ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 27.
Derive an expression for the electric field at a point due to an infinitely long thin charged straight wire using Gauss law.
Answer:
Consider an infinitely long thin straight wive with uniform linear charge q density λ. Let P be a point at ⊥^r distance r from the wire.

To calculate the E.F \(\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}\) at P, imagine a cylindrical Gaussian surface.
∴ The surface area of the] curved part S = 2πrl
Total charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface q = λl
Electric fliix through the end Surfaces of the cylinder is Φ = 0
Electric flux through the curved Surfaces of the cylinder is Φ₂ = Ecosθ.s
Φ₂ = EX1X2πrl
The total electric flux Φ = Φ₁ + Φ₂
Φ = 0 + E2πrl, Φ₂= 2πrlE …………… 1
A/C to Gauss law,

from (a) and (2)

Question 28.
Obtain the bridge balanced condition of Wheatstone’s bridge network by applying Kirchhoff’s rules.
Answer:
Wheatstone’s bridge is a device used to determine unknown resistance.

It resistances R₁, R₂, R₃ & R₄ a galvanometer of resistance G & a battery with key. Let I is the math current & splits into branch current I₁ & I₂ respectively
i.e. I = I₁ +I₂
At B, I₁ = I₃+ I_g………….(1)
A + D, I₂ = ₄ + I_g ………. (2)
Apply KVL to the mesh ABDA
I₁R₁ + i_gG – I₂R₂ = o ………….. (3)
to the mesh BCDB
I₃R₃ – I₄R₄– I_gG = 0 ……………… (4)

The wheatstones bridge is said to be balanced
when no current flowing throught the galvano
meter i.e. I_g 0 ∴ eqn (1) is I₁ = I₃
eqn(2)is I₂ = I₄
eqn (3) is I₁R₁ – I₂R₂ = 0
∴ I₁R₁ = I₂R₂ …………. (5)
eqn (4) is I₃R₃ – I₂R₂
∴I₃R₃ = I₄R₄ …………………. (6)

Question 29.
Two straight parallel conductors are placed at certain distance in free space. The direction of current in both the conductors is same. Find the magnitude and direction of the force between them. Hence define ampere.
Answer:

Consider two infinitely long straight parallel condu ctors x & y carrying a current I₁ & I₂ respectively. Let d is the ⊥^r distance between them.
Let I₁ is the current flowing through x conductor, it produces a M.F. (B₁)

Now the conductor Y carrying current I₂ in the M.F.B, it experiences a mehanical force of length 1 is

The direction of force can be obtained using ampere’s left-hand rule.
∴ The force bn. two ||le conductors carrying currents in the same direction is attractive. ||ly the force bn two ||le conductors carrying current in opposite direction is repulsive.
Definition of ampere If I1 = I2 = IA, d=lm them F = 2 × 10^-7N.

Ampere is the steady current which when flowing through each of 2 infinitely long straight ||le conductors placed in the air at a distance of lm produces a force of 2 × 10^-7 N/m.

V. Answer any two of the following question ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 30.
Derive Lens Maker’s formula for a con vex lens.
Answer:

Consider a thin convex lens of focal length f & R.I (n) placed in air as shown in fig let R₁ & R₂ → are the of curvatur of the surfaces ABC & ADC of the respectively.
o → Luminous point object on the principle axis.
A ray op invident at p, after refraction, emerges along QI & meet at I on the principal axis.
Image formution takes place in two stages. (1) Refraction at the surface ABC In the observe of ADC, the refracted ray is meet at I¹, then

(2) Refraction at the surface ADC the image I1 acts as a virtual object to form a real image at a distance V, then

Question 31.
Assuming the expression for radius of the orbit, derive an expression for total energy of an electron in hydrogen atom.
Answer:
Consider an electron of mass m, charge, e revoking around the nucleus of radius of r. The charge on the nucleus + Te.
∴ T.E = KE + P.E
T. E = K + U ………… (1)
For circulation
Centripetal force = Electrostate force bn nucleus & electron.


The Potential energy of the electron is the field o nucleus is

Question 32.
With the help of circuit diagram, explain the working of NPN transistor as a common emitter amplifier.
Answer:
The circuit diagram of a CE amplifier using NPN transistor is as shown m fit. The input circuit is forward biased & the output circuit is reverse biased when the ac input signal to be amplified is fed to the base-emitter circuit. The output voltage V0 varies in accordance with the relation, V₀=V_CE =V_cc – I_cR_c, These variations is the collector voltage V_CE uppers as amplified output.

During the -t-ve half cycle of ac input signal the forward base of emitter as junction increase Due to this base current IB increase & hence collector current IC increases. As a result of this ICRC increases output voltage VO this indicates that the +ve half cycle of input ac signal voltage is amplified through -ve half cycle.

During the -ve half cycle of ac input signal, the forward bias of emitter-base junction decreases. Due to this base current I_B decreases & hence collector current I_C decreases. As a result of this ICRC decreases the. output voltage V₀ is +ve. This indicates that the -ve half cycle of input ac signal voltage is amplified through +ve half cycle.

Thus, the weak input signal is amplified & output signal is out of phase with the input signal by 180°

VI. Answer any three of the following questions ( 3 × 5 = 15 )

Question 33.
Charges 2 µ C, 4 µ C and 6 µ C are placed at the three corners A, B and C respectively of a square ABCD of side x metre. Find, what charge must be placed at the fourth corner so that the total potential at the center of the square is 0
Answer:

In the Δle ABC
AC² = AB² + BC²
AC² = x² + x²
AC² = 2x²
∴ AC = √2 x,.m

Question 34.
A wire having length 2.0m, diameter 1.0 mm and resistivity 1.963 × 10^-8 Ω m is connected in series with a battery of emf 3 V and internal resistance 1 Calculate the resistance of the wire and current in the circuit.
Answer:
Given,
length (l) = 2m
Diameter (D) = 1mm = 1 × 10^-3 m
∴ radius (r) = \(\frac{\mathrm{D}}{2}\) = 0.5 × 10^-3 m
resistivity (f) = 1.963 × 10^-8Ωm
E = 3V Internal senstarce (r) = 1 Ω
R=? I = ?
We have,

Question 35.
An inductor and a bulb are connected in series to an AC source of 220 V, 50 Hz. A current of 11A flows in the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current is \(\frac{\pi}{4}\) radians. Calculate the impedance and inductance of the circuit.
Answer:
Given,
V_rms = 220v, f = 50 Hz
I_rms = 11A
Φ = \(\frac{\pi}{4}\) radian, Z=?, L =?

Question 36.
In Young’s double slit experiment while using a source of light of wavelength
4500 Å, the fringe width is 5mm. 1f the distance between the screen and the plane of the slits ¡s reduced to half, what should be the wavelength of light to get fringe 4 mm?
Answer:
Given,
wavelength (λ) 45OOA°= 45OO × 10^-10 m
fringe width (w) = 5mm = 5 × 10^-3 m
D = \(\frac { D }{ 2 }\)
wavelength (λ¹) = ?
fringe width (w¹) = 4mm = 4 × 10^-3 m
we have, fringe width (w) = \(\frac{\lambda \mathrm{D}}{\mathrm{d}}\)
5 × 10^-3 =4500 × 10¹⁰ × \(\frac { D }{ d }\)

Question 37.
The activity of a radioactive substance is 4700 per minute. Five minutes later the activity is 2700 per minute. Find
a) decay constant and
b) half – life of the radioactive substance.
Answer:
Given A₀=4700 per minute
A = 2700 per minute
t = 5 minute λ = ? T_y2 = ?
we have,

Students can Download Chapter 6 Integers Ex 6.3 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 6 Maths helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Syllabus Class 6 Maths Chapter 6 Integers Ex 6.3

Question 1.
Find
Solution:
a) 35 – (20)
35 – (20) = 15

b) 72 – (90)
72 – (90) = -18

c) (-15) – (-18)
(-15) – (-18) = -15 + 18 = 3

d) (-20) – (-13)
(-20) – (-13) = -33

e) 23 – (-12)
23 – (-12) = 23 + 12 = 35

f) (-32) – (-40)
(-32) – (-40) = -32 + 40 = 8

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with >,< or = sign
a) (-3) + (-6) ___ (-3) – (6)
(-3) + (-6) = -9
(-3) – (-6) = -3 + 6 = 3 – 9 < 3
Hence (3) +(-6) < (-3)-(-6) b) (-21) – (-10) ___ (-31) + (-11) -31 + (-11) = -42 – 11 > -42
(9 – 21) – (- 10) ≥ (-31) +(-11)

c) 45 – (-11) ___ 57 + (-4)
57 + (-4) = 57 – 4 = 53
56 > 53

d) (-25) – (-42) ___ (-42) – (-25)
-42 – (-25) = -42 + 25 = -17
117 > -17
(-25) – (-42) ≥ (-42) – (-25)

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks
a) (-8) + 8 = 0
b) 13 + (-13) = 0
c) 12 + (- 12) = 0
d) (-4) + (-8) =-12
e) 5 – 15 = -10

Question 4.
Find
Solution:
a) (-7) -8 – (-25)
(-7) – 8 – (-25) = (-7) – 8 + 25 = -15 + 25 = 10

b) (-13) + 32 – 8 – 1
(-13) + 32 – 8 – 1 = -13 + 32 – 8 – 1 = 32 – 22 = 10

c) (-7) + (-8) +(-90)
(-7) + (-8) + (-90) = -7 – 8 – 90 = -105

d) 50 – (-40) – (-2)
50 – (-40) – (-2) = 50 + 40 + 2 = 92

Students can Download 2nd PUC Hindi Previous Year Question Paper June 2017, Karnataka 2nd PUC Hindi Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Hindi Previous Year Question Paper June 2017

समय : 3 घंटे 15 मिनट
कुल अंक : 100

I. अ) एक शब्द या वाक्यांश या वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए : (6 × 1 = 6)

प्रश्न 1.
जो मनुष्य सत्य बोलता है, वह किससे दूर भागता है?

प्रश्न 2.
किसका व्यापारीकरण हो रहा है?

प्रश्न 3.
मन्नू भंडारी को प्रभावित करनेवाली हिन्दी प्राध्यापिका का नाम लिखिए।

प्रश्न 4.
चीफ़ की दावत किसके घर पर थी?

प्रश्न 5.
स्वर्ग या नरक में निवास स्थान अलॉट करनेवाले कौन हैं?

प्रश्न 6.
‘नारा’. का प्रसिद्ध मंदिर कौनसा है?

आ) निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं तीन प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिएः (3 × 3 = 9)

प्रश्न 7.
घर में सुजान भगत का अनादर कैसे हुआ?

प्रश्न 8.
झूठ की उत्पत्ति और उसके कई रूपों के बारे में लिखिए।

प्रश्न 9.
गंगा मैया का कुर्सी से क्या अभिप्राय है?

प्रश्न 10.
विश्वेश्वरय्या की प्रसिद्धि तथा पदोन्नति देख कुछ इंजीनियर क्यों जलते थे?

प्रश्न 11.
भोलाराम का परिचय दीजिए।

II. अ) निम्नलिखित वाक्य किसने किससे कहे? (4 × 1 = 4)

प्रश्न 12.
“दिन भर एक न एक खुचड़ निकालते रहते हैं।”

प्रश्न 13.
“यू हैव मिस्ड समथिंग।”

प्रश्न 14.
“वह जरूर बना देंगी। आप उसे देखकर खुश होंगे।”

प्रश्न 15.
“महाराज, रिकार्ड सब ठीक है।”

आ) निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं दो का ससंदर्भ स्पष्टीकरण कीजिए: (2 × 3 = 6)

प्रश्न 16.
“भगवान की इच्छा होगी, तो फिर रुपये हो जायेंगे। उनके यहाँ किस बात की कमी है?”

प्रश्न 17.
“वे बोलते जा रहे थे और पिताजी के चेहरे का संतोष धीरे-धीरे गर्व में बदला जा रहा था।”

प्रश्न 18.
“मेरी माँ गाँव की रहनेवाली हैं। उमर-भर गाँव में रही हैं।”

प्रश्न 19.
“यहाँ तो डेंटिस्ट मक्खी मारते होंगे।”

III. अ) एक शब्द या वाक्यांश या वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए : (6 × 1 = 6)

प्रश्न 20.
श्रीकृष्ण के अनुसार किसने सब माखन खा लिया?

प्रश्न 21.
बाँसुरी किस रंग की है?

प्रश्न 22.
बेटी सजने-धजने से क्या महसूस करती है?

प्रश्न 23.
देश को किससे बचाना है?

प्रश्न 24.
भारतीयता कहाँ बहु रूप में सँवरती है?

प्रश्न 25.
दीवार किसकी तरह हिलने लगी?

आ) निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किन्ही दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए: (2 × 3 = 6)

प्रश्न 26.
श्रीकृष्ण के रूप सौन्दर्य का वर्णन कीजिए।

प्रश्न 27.
‘गहने’ कविता के द्वारा कवि ने क्या आशय व्यक्त किया है?

प्रश्न 28.
पर्यावरण के संरक्षण के संबंध में कवि कुँवर नारायण के विचार लिखिए।

प्रश्न 29.
दक्षिण प्रदेश की महत्ता को अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।

इ) ससंदर्भ भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए: (2 × 4 = 8)

प्रश्न 30.
अब कैसे छूटै राम रट लागी।
प्रभु जी तुम चंदन हम पानी,
जाकी अंग-अंग बास समानी।
अथवा
धनि रहीम जल पंक को, लघु जिय पिअत अघाय।
उदधि बड़ाई कौन है, जगत पिआसो जाय॥

प्रश्न 31.
ऐसा तेरा लोक, वेदना
नहीं, नहीं जिसमें अवसाद,
जलना जाना नहीं, नहीं
जिसने जाना मिटने का स्वाद!
अथवा
युद्धं देहि कहे जब पामर
दे न दुहाई पीठ फेर कर;
या तो जीत प्रीति के बल पर
या तेरा पद चूमे तस्कर।

IV. अ) एक शब्द या वाक्यांश या वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए : (5 × 1 = 5)

प्रश्न 32.
मिश्रानी कितने वर्षों से मूलराज के परिवार में काम कर रही थी?

प्रश्न 33.
छोटी बहु के मन में किसकी मात्रा जरूरत से ज्यादा है?

प्रश्न 34.
कवि किस पर शासन करता है?

प्रश्न 35.
शास्त्रार्थों में पंडितों को किसने पराजित किया?

प्रश्न 36.
पितृ-हत्या का दण्ड क्या नहीं है?

आ) निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए: (2 × 5 = 10)

प्रश्न 37.
इन्दु को अपनी भाभी बेला पर क्यों क्रोध आया?
अथवा
बेला की चारित्रिक विशेषताओं पर संक्षेप में प्रकाश डालिए।

प्रश्न 38.
भारवि अपने पिता से क्यों बदला लेना चाहता था?
अथवा
प्रायश्चित को लेकर पिता और पुत्र के बीच हुए संवाद को लिखिए।

V. अ) वाक्य शुद्ध कीजिएः (4 × 1 = 4)

प्रश्न 39.
i) मेरा तो प्राण निकल गया।
ii) संदीप को पूछो।
iii) यह एक इतिहासिक घटना है।
iv) कोयल डाली में बैठी है।
उत्तरः
i) मेरे तो प्राण निकल गये।
ii) संदीप से पूछो
iii) यह एक ऐतिहासिक घटना है।
iv) कोयल डाली पर बैठी है।

आ) कोष्टक में दिये गए उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए: (4 × 1 = 4)
(पावन, भला, समाज, समय)

प्रश्न 40.
i) आप …………… तो जग भला।
ii) ……… परिवर्तनशील है।
iii) वह सरस्वती देवी का …………… मंदिर है।
iv) साहित्य …………… का दर्पण है।
उत्तरः
i) भला
ii) समय
iii) पावन
iv) समाज।

इ) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को सूचनानुसार बदलिए: (3 × 1 = 3)

प्रश्न 41.
i) वसुंधरा गाना गाती थी। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
ii) वह आग चिता पर रखेगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
iii) पृथ्वीराज ने देश की सेवा की। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
उत्तरः
i) वसुंधरा गाना गाती है।
ii) उसने आग चिता पर रख दी।
iii) पृथ्वीराज देश की सेवा करेगा।

ई) निम्नलिखित मुहावरों को अर्थ के साथ जोड़कर लिखिए: (4 × 1 = 4)

प्रश्न 42.
i) खिल्ली उड़ाना a) रूठ जाना
ii) मुँह फुलाना b) सफल न होना
ii) टोपी उछालना c) हँसी उड़ाना
iv) दाल न गलना d) अपमानित करना
उत्तरः
i – c, ii – a, iii – d, iv – b.

उ) अन्य लिंग रूप लिखिए: (3 × 1 = 3)

प्रश्न 43.
i) श्रीमती
ii) गाय
iii) पुत्रवान।
उत्तरः
i) श्रीमान
ii) बैल
iii) पुत्रवती।

ऊ) अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द बनाइए : (3 × 1 = 3)

प्रश्न 44.
i) नीचे लिखा हुआ।
ii) जो पुत्र गोद लिया हो।
iii) जो छिपाने योग्य हो।
उत्तरः
i) निम्नलिखित
ii) दत्तक
iii) गुप्त/रहस्य।

ए) निम्नलिखित शब्दों के साथ उपसर्ग जोड़कर नए शब्दों का निर्माण कीजिए : (2 × 1 = 2)

प्रश्न 45.
i) परिवार
ii) शासन।
उत्तर:
i) परिवार = स + परिवार = सपरिवार।
ii) शासन = अनु + शासन = अनुशासनं।

ऐ) निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से प्रत्यय अलग कर लिखिए: (2 × 1 = 2)

प्रश्न 46.
i) बलवान
ii) घुमाव।
उत्तरः
i) बलवान = बल + वान।
ii) घुमाव = घुम + आव।

VI. अ) किसी एक विषय पर निबंध लिखिए : (1 × 5 = 5)

प्रश्न 47.
i) a) इंटरनेट की दुनिया।
b) खेल जगत में क्रिकेट का स्थान।
c) राष्ट्रीय एकता।
अथवा
ii) चरित्र प्रमाण-पत्र प्राप्त करने हेतु अपने कॉलेज के प्राचार्य को आवेदन-पत्र लिखिए।

आ) निम्नलिखित अनुच्छेद पढ़कर उस पर आधारित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए: (5 × 1 = 5)

प्रश्न 48.
यह कहावत सत्य है कि समय बलवान है, इस पर किसी का वश नहीं चलता। आनेवाले समय में अच्छा-बुरा क्या घट जाए, कोई नहीं जानता। ऐसे अनिश्चित समय के लिए यदि उसके पास कुछ संचित धन है तो उसके काम आ सकता है। कोई भी व्यक्ति दूसरों के सहारे न तो कल रह सका है, न आज रह पा रहा है, न ही भविष्य में रह सकता है। सत्य है। मनष्य का आज का जीवन कई प्रकार की आकस्मिकताओं वाला बन चुका है। अतः उन आकस्मिकताओं का ठीक प्रकार से सामना करने के लिए, प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को चाहिए कि वह प्रतिदिन जितनी भी हो अधिक-से-अधिक बचत करता रहे। इसी में उसकी भलाई है। आज की गई एक-एक पैसे की बचत कल का अनंत सुख सिद्ध हो सकती हैं। धन की कमी से सुखपूर्वक तो क्या सामान्य जीवन कतई संभव नहीं है। मनुष्य के जीवन में हमेशा से धन की आवश्यकता बनी रही है। उसे पूरा करने के लिए बचत करना नितांत आवश्यक है। अतः व्यक्ति अपने सभी तरह के स्रोतों से आज और कल में संतुलन बनाए रखकर ही सुख-चैन से जीवन जी सकता है।
प्रश्नः
i) कौन सी कहावत सत्य है?
ii) कटु सत्य क्या है?
iii) मनुष्य की भलाई किस में है?
iv) धन की कमी से क्या संभव नहीं है?
v) व्यक्ति सुख-चैन से कब जी सकता है?

इ) हिन्दी में अनुवाद कीजिए: (5 × 1 = 5)

प्रश्न 49.

Students can Download Hindi Lesson 10 मेरा, हमारा, तेरा, तुम्हारा Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 6 Hindi helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Syllabus Class 6 Hindi Chapter 10 मेरा, हमारा, तेरा, तुम्हारा

मेरा, हमारा, तेरा, तुम्हारा Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

अभ्यास

1. उचित शब्द चुनकर खाली :

1. मोहन …………… भाई हैं (मेरी / मेरा)
2. ……………घर बड़ा हैं (हमारा / हमारी)
3. …………. नाम क्या है ? ( तेरी / तेरा )
4. ………. गाँव कहाँ है ? (तुम्हारी / तुम्हारा)

उत्तर:

1. मेरा
2. हमारा
3. तेरा
4. तुम्हारा

2. मिलान करो :

1. सतीश – a. गाँव के पास हैं
2. कुत्ता  – b. सविता का बड़ा भाई हैं
3. खरगोश – c. वफादार होता हैं
4. विद्यालय – d. प्यारा हैं

उत्तर:

1. b सविता का बड़ा भाई हैं
2. c वफादार होता हैं
3. d प्यारा हैं
4. a गाँव के पास हैं

Students can Download English Lesson 8 The Dinner Party Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, KSEEB Solutions for Class 5 English Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka State Board Class 5 English Prose Chapter 8 The Dinner Party

The Dinner Party Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

Comprehension:

I. Answer the following questions

Question 1.
Who are the hosts and guests in the story?
Answer:
A colonial official and his wife, army officers and government official and their wives.

Question 2.
Describe the place where the dinner is hosted
Answer:
Dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.

Question 3.
What is the young girl discussing with the colonel?
Answer:
A woman’s unfailing reaction in any crisis and a man’s nerve control.

Question 4.
According to the colonel Who has greater self-control, the man or the woman?
Answer:
Man.

Question 5.
Why do you think that the American did not join the discussion?
Answer:
The American is a naturalist, who just observes others and studies their reactions. So he did not join the discussion.

Question 6.
What did the hostess want her servants to do? Why?
Answer:
The hostess wants her servant to place a bowl of milk on the Veranda Just outside the open doors. Because a cobra had just crawled over her feet.

Question 7.
Do you think this action was a routine one?
Answer:
No.

Question 8.
What made the naturalist think that there must be a cobra in the room?
Answer:
In India milk in a bowl means only one thing bait for a snake. He realizes there must be cobra in the room.

Question 9.
Where did the American search for the cobra?
Answer:
He looked up at the rafters – the likeliest place, but they were bare. The three of the room were empty, and in the fourth, the servants were waiting to serve the next course. So he deduced that the cobra might be under the table.

Question 10.
What did the American do to test the self-control of the people at the dinner party?
Answer:
When the American Naturalist concluded that the cobra was under the table his first impulse was to jump back and warn others. But he did not want to frighten others and the cobra into striking one of them. In a sobering tone, he announced that he just wanted to know what self – control everyone at the table had.

He challenged them that he will start counting to three hundred – that’s five minutes and asked everyone to not move a muscle, and those who moved will lose fifty rupees. All the twenty guests sit like stone images while he counted. When he was counting two hundred and eight – the cobra emerged from under the table and went to the veranda where the bowl of milk was placed. When the guests saw the cobra, they were shocked and started, screaming. But the American quickly jumped up and slammed the veranda doors safely shut.

Question 11.
Who shows greater self-control in the stray The American guest or the hostess?
Answer:
The Hostess.

Question 12.
How does the American figure out that there is a cobra under the table?
Answer:
The American naturalist, while watching the hostess observes a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She was staring straight ahead, he muscles contracting slightly.

She gestured to the servant standing behind her chain and whispered something to him. The servant’s eyes widened and he quickly left the room. The American then noticed that the servant placed a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. In India, Milk in a bowl means – bait for a snake.

He looked up at the rafters – the likeliest place, but they were bare. The three of the room were empty, and in the fourth, the servants were waiting to serve the next course. So he deduced that the cobra might be under the table.

Question 13.
The colonel believes that women behave very differently from men in a crisis. Do you agree with the colonet’s belief.
Answer:
Yes, I agree that women behave very differently from men in a crisis. Women have more patience though the cobra was crawling across Mrs. Wynnes’s feet she kept her self – control.

Question 14.
How do you describe the followings:
a) The American Naturalist:
He is the one who kept control of the difficult situation in the lesson.

b) Mrs. Wynnes:
She realised that a cobra was in the room. Because it was crawling across her foot. But she kept her self – control.

c) The colonel:
The colonel is a male-centric person. He believed that men have more nerve control than woman.

d) The servants:
The servants were obedient and discrete.

Language Exercise

I. Use the following words in sentences of your own.

• Forfeit: The student cheated in the exams, so he had to for diet an year of schooling.
• Sobar: The children were playing daily in the garden, but they all turned sober when they saw a cobra, crawling about.
• Gesture: The teacher gestured at Nagaraj and called him to solve the Maths problem on the blackboard.
• Stare: It is not right to stare at physically handicapped people.

Grammar:

In one of the earlier lessons you have learnt the functions of adjectives. In this lesson lets learn how the three different forms of degrees of adjective are formed.

The three different forms/degree of adjectives are

1. The Positive degree
2. The Comparative degree
3. The Superlative degree

Usually, the comparative degree is formed by the addition of ‘er’ to the positive degree form ex: tall-taller short – shorter
The superlative degree is usually formed by the addition of ‘est’.

ex: strong stronger strongest broad broader broadest near nearer nearest Now, form the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives given below

Positive Comparative Superlative

1. fine – finer – finest
2. sweet – sweeter – sweetest
3. dear – dearer – dearest
4. high – higher – highest
5. fair – fairer – fairest
6. long – longer – longest
7. weak – weaker – weakest
8. fair fairer fairest
9. cool – coller – coolest
10. low – lower – lowest
11. bold – bolder – boldest
12. few – fewer – fewest

II. Match the adjectives given in column ‘A’ with the words given in B’

A	B
1. Brilliant	i) sea
2. Sharp	ii) light
3. loud	iii) shower
4. juicy	iv) knife
5. heavy	v) fruit
6. busy	vi) noise
7. rough	vii) cut
	viii) street

Answer:

A	B
1. Brilliant	ii) light
2. Sharp	iv) knife
3. loud	vi) noise
4. juicy	v) fruit
5. heavy	iii) shower
6. busy	viii) street
7. rough	i) sea

III. Complete the phrases below using appropriate adjectives

1. a delicious meal
2. a rough sea
3. a cute child
4. a gold ring
5. a terrible accident
6. a barking dog
7. an interesting story
8. a tough task
9. a good friend
10. a beautiful hat

IV. Write five sentences of your own using any of the completed phrases above.

1. Nazir read a thrilling story about pirates.
2. My uncle has a harking dog.
3. Francis is a good friend.
4. Arabian sea is a rough sea.
5. My mother prepared a delicious meal.

The Dinner Party Summary In English

The lesson ‘The Dinner Party” written by Mona Gardner explains about the importance of self-control. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party for the army officers and government officials and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl and a woman.

The American notices the servant place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. He realizes there must be cobra in the room. The American told all that he would count three hundred, that was five minutes and not one of you is to move a muscle.

Those who move will forfeit fifty rupees. The twenty people sat like stone images by the ti pie the cobra emerged and went to the varanda where the bowl of milk kept. The colonel appreciated the American who has just shown us an example of perfect control.

The Dinner Party Summary In Kannada

You can Download Chapter 3 Financial Statements of a Company Questions and Answers, Notes, 2nd PUC Accountancy Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Accountancy Question Bank Chapter 3 Financial Statements of a Company

Question 1.
What is public company?
Answer:
A public company is defined as a company that offers a part of its ownership in the form of shares, debentures, bonds, securities to the general public through stock market:

Question 2.
What is private limited company?
Answer:
As defined by the Section 3. (1) (iii) of Companies Act 1956, private limited company is defined by the following characteristics:

• It restricts the right to transfer its shares.
• There must be at least two and a maximum of 50 members (excluding current and former employees) to form a private company.
• It ca not invite application from the general public to subscribe its shares, or debentures.
• It cannot invite or accept deposits from persons other than its members, Directors and their relatives.

Question 3.
Define Government Company?
Answer:
As per the Section 617 of Company Act of 1956, a Government Company means any company in which not less than 51% of the paid up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments and includes a company which is a subsidiary of a Government Company as thus defined.

Question 4.
What do you mean by a listed company?
Answer:
Those public companies whose shares are listed and can be traded in a recognised stock exchange for public trading like, Tata Moto. s, Reliance, etc are called Listed Company. These companies are also called Quota Cornpanies.

Question 5.
What are the uses of securities premium?
Answer:
As per the Section 78 of the Companies Act of 1956, the amount of securities premium can be used by the company for the following activities:

• For paying up unissued shares of the company to be issued to members of the company as fully paid bonus share.
• For writing off the preliminary expenses of the company.
• For writing off the expenses of, or the commission paid or discount allowed on, any issue of shares or debentures of the company.
• For paying up the premium that is to be payable on redemption of preference shares or debentures of the company.
• Further, as per the Section 77A, the securities premium amount can also be utilised by the company to Buy-back its own shares.

Question 6.
What is buy-back of shares?
Answer:
Buy-back of shares means repurchasing of its own shares by a company from the market for reducing the number of shares in the open market.

Question 7.
Write a brief note on ‘Minimum Subscription’.
Answer:
When shares are issued to the general public, the minimum amount that must be subscribed by the public so that the company can allot shares to the applicants is termed as Minimum Subscription. As per the Company Act of 1956, the Minimum Subscription of share cannot be less than 90% of the issued amount. If the Minimum Subscription is not received, the company cannot allot shares to its applicants and it shall immediately refund the entire application amount received to the public.

2nd PUC Accountancy Financial Statements of a Company Long Answer Type Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the nature of the financial statements.
Answer:
The nature of the financial statements depends upon the following aspects;
1. Recorded facts: The items recorded in the financial statements reflect their original cost i.e. the cost at which they were acquired. Consequently, financial statements do not reveal the current market price of the items. Further, financial statements fail to capture the inflation effects.

2. Conventions: The preparation of financial statements is based on some accounting conventions like, Prudence Convention, Materiality Convention, Matching Concept, etc. The adherence to such accounting conventions makes financial statements easy to understand, comparable and reflects the true and fair financial position of the company.

3. Accounting Assumptions: These basic accounting assumptions like Going Concern Concept, Money Measurement Concept, Realisation Concept, etc are called as postulates. While preparing financial statements, certain postulates are adhered to. The nature of these postulates is reflected in the nature of the financial statements.

4. Personal Judgments: Personal value judgments play an important role in deciding the nature of the financial statements. Different judgments are attached to different practices of recording.transactions in the financial statements. Thus, personal judgments determine the nature of the financial statements to a great extent.

Question 2.
Explain in detail about the significance of the financial statements.
Answer:
The importance of financial statements is mentioned below:
1. Provides Information: Financial statements provide information to various accounting users both internal as well as external users. It acts as a basic platform for different accounting users to derive information according to varying needs. For example, the financial statements on one hand help the shareholders and investors in assessing the viability and return on their investments, while on the other hand, the financial statements help the tax authorities in calculating the amount of tax liability of the company.

2. Cash Flow: Financial statements provide information about the cash flows of the company. The financial statements help the creditors and other investors.in determining solvency of company.

3. Effectiveness of Management: The comparability feature of the financial statements enables management to undertake comparisons like inter-firm and intra-firm comparisons. This not only helps in assessing the viability and performance of the business but also helps in’ designing policies and drafting policies. The financial statements enhance the effectiveness and efficacy of the management.

4. Disclosure of Accounting Policies: Financial statements provide information about the various policies, important changes in the methods, practices and process of accounting by the company. The disclosure of the accounting policies makes financial statements simple, true and enables different accounting users to understand without any ambiguity.

5. Policy Formation by Government: It needs information to determine national income, GDP, industrial growth, etc. The accounting information assist the government in the formulation of various policy measures and to address various economic problems like employment, poverty etc.

6. Attracts Investors and Potential Investors: They invest or plan to invest in the business. Hence, in order to assess the’viability and prospectus of their investment, creditors need information about profitability and solvency of the business.

Question 3.
Explain the limitations of financial statements.
Answer:
The following are the limitations of financial statements.
1. Historical Data: The items recorded in the financial statements reflect their original cost i.e. the cost at which they were acquired. Consequently, financial statements do not reveal the current market price of the items. Further, financial statements fail to capture the inflation effects.

2. Ignorance of Qualitative Aspect: A financial statement does not reveal the qualitative aspects of a transaction. The qualitative aspects like colour, size and brand position in the market, employee’s qualities and capabilities are not disclosed by the financial statements.

3. Biased: Financial statements are based on the personal judgments regarding the use of methods of recording. For example, the choice of practice in the valuation of inventory, method of depreciation, amount of provisions, etc. are based on the personal value judgments and may differ from person to person. Thus, the financial statements reflect the personal value judgments of the concerned accountants and clerks.

4. Inter-firm Comparisons: Usually, it is difficult to compare the financial statements of two companies because of the difference in the methods and practices followed by their respective accountants.

5. Window dressing: The possibility of window dressing is probable. This might be because of the motive of the company to overstate or understate the assets and liabilities to attract more investors or to reduce taxable profit. For example, Satyam showed high fixed deposits- in the Assets side of its Balance Sheet for better liquidity that gave false and misleading signals to the investors.

6. Difficulty in Forecasting: Since the financial statements are based on historical data, so they fail to reflect the effect of inflation. This drawback makes forecasting difficult. Prepare the format of income statement and explain its elements

Prepare the format of balance sheet and explain the various elements of balance sheet.
Vertical form of balance sheet

1. Share Capital: It is the first item on the Liabilities side. It consists of the following items:

• Authorised Capital
• Issued Capital: Equity share and preference share.
• Subscribed Capital less Call in Arrears add Forfeited Shares

2. Reserve and Surplus: As per the Schedule VI,  it consists of the following items:

• Capital Reserve
• Capital Redemption Reserve
• Security Premium
• Other Reserve less Debit balance of P & L A/c
• Credit balance of P & L A/c
• Proposed Additions.
• Sinking Fund

3 . Secured Loans

1. Debentures
2. Loan and advances from bank etc.

4. Unsecured Loans

• Fixed Deposits
• Loan & Advances from subsidiaries

5. Fixed Assets: These are those assets that are used for more than one year, like:

• Goodwill
• Land
• Building
• Plant ec Machinery
• Patents, Trade Marks
• Livestock
• Vehicles, etc.

6. Current Assets: Assets that can be easily converted into cash or cash equivalents are termed as current assets. These are required to run day to day business activities; for example, cash, debtors, stock, etc.

7. Current Liabilities: Those liabilities that are incurred with an intention to be paid or are payable within a year; for example, bank overdraft creditors, bills payable, outstanding wages, short-term loans, etc are called current liabilities.

Question 4.
Explain how financial statements are useful to the various parties who are interested in the affairs of an undertaking?
Answer:
The various parties that are directly or indirectly interested in the financial statements of a company can be categorized into the following two categories:
Internal Parties: The following are the various internal accounting users who are directly related to the company.

a) Owner: The owner/s is/’are interested in the profit earned or loss incurred during an accounting period. They are interested in assessing the profitability and viability of the capital invested by them in the business.

b) Management: The financial statements help the management in drafting various policies measures, facilitating planning and decision making process. The financial statements also enable management to exercise various cost controlling measures and to remove inefficiencies.

c) Employees and workers: They are interested in the timely payment of wages and salaries, bonus and appropriate increment in their wages and salaries. With the help of the financial statements they can know the amount of profit earned by the company and can demand reasonable hike in their wages and salaries.

External Parties: There are various external users of accounting who need accounting information for decision making, investment planning and to assess the financial position of the business. The various external users are given below.

a) Banks and other financial institutions: Banks provide finance in the form of loans and advances to various businesses. Thus, they need information regarding liquidity, creditworthiness, solvency and profitability to advance loans.

b) Creditors: These are those individuals and organisations to whom a business owes money on account of credit purchases of goods and receiving services; hence, the creditors require information about credit worthiness of the business.

c) Investors and potential investors: They invest or plan to invest in the business. Hence, in order to assess the viability and prospectus of their investment, creditors need information about profitability and solvency of the business.

d) Tax “authorities: They need information about sales, revenues, profit and taxable income in order to determine the levy various types of tax on the business.

e) Government: It needs information to determine national income, GDP, industrial growth, etc. The accounting information assist the government in the formulation of various policies measures and to address various economic problems like employment, poverty etc.

f) Researchers: Various research institutes like NGOs and other independent research institutions like CRISIL, stock exchanges, etc. undertake various research projects and the accounting information facilitates their research work.

g) Consumers: Every business tries to build up reputation in the eyes of consumers, which can be created by the supply of better quality products and post-sale services at reasonable and alfordable prices. Business that has transparent financial records, assists the customers to know the correct cost of production and accordingly assess the degree of reasonability of the price charged by the business for its products and, thus, helps in repo building of the business.

h) Public: Public is keenly interested to know the proportion of the profit that the business spends on various public welfare schemes; for example, charitable hospitals, funding schools, etc. This information is also revealed by the profit and loss account and balance sheet of the business.

Question 5.
Financial statements reflect a combination of recorded facts, accounting conventions and personal judgments’ discuss.
Answer:
The financial statements are the end-products of the accounting process. The financial statements not only reveal the true financial position of the company but also help various accounting users in decision making and policy designing process. The nature of the financial statements depends upon the following aspects like recorded facts, conventions, concepts, and personal judgment.

1. Recorded facts: The items recorded in the financial statements reflect their original cost i.e. the cost at which they were acquired. Consequently, financial statements do not reveal the current market price of the items. Further, financial statements fail to capture the inflation effects.

2. Conventions: The preparation of financial statements is based on some accounting conventions like,: Prudence Convention, Materiality Convention, Matching Concept, etc. The adherence to such accounting conventions makes financial statements easy to understand, comparable and reflects the true and fair financial position of the company.

3. Accounting Assumptions: These basic accounting assumptions like Going Concern Concept, Money Measurement Concept, Realisation Concept, etc are. called as postulates. While preparing financial statements, certain postulates are adhered to, The nature of these postulates is reflected in the nature of the financial statements.

4. Personal Judgments: Personal value judgments play an important role in deciding the nature of the financial statements. Different judgments are attached to different practices of recording transactions in the financial statements. Thus, personal judgments determine the nature of the financial statements to a great extent.

Question 6.
Explain the process of preparing income statement and balance sheet.
Answer:
The process of preparing Horizontal Form of Income Statement is explained below in a chronological order:

1. Prepare a Trial Balance on the basis of the balances of various accounts in the ledger.
2. Record Opening Stock, Purchases, Manufacturing Expenses and other direct expenses on the debit side of Trading Account
3. Record Sales and Closing Stock on the credit side of the Trading Account.
4. Ascertain the balancing figure by totalling both the sides of the Trading Account If the credit side exceeds the debit side, then the balancing figure is termed as Gross Profit, but if the debit side exceeds the credit side, then the balancing figure is termed as Gross Loss.
5. Carry forward the Gross Profit (Gross Loss) to the credit (debit) side of the Profit and Loss Account.
6. Record all current year’s operating and non-operating revenue expenditures with their relevant adjustments on the debit side of the Profit and Loss Account.
7. Record ail current year’s operating and non-operating revenue incomes with their relevant adjustments on the credit side of the Profit and Loss Account.
8. Ascertain the balancing figure by totalling both the sides of the Profit and Loss Account. If the credit exceeds the debit side, then the balancing figure is termed as Net Profit, but if the debit side exceeds the credit side, then the balancing figure is termed as Net Loss.

The process of preparing Horizontal Form of Balance Sheet is explained below in a chronological order:

1. Prepare a Trial Balance on the basis of the balances of various accounts in the ledger.
2. Record all the debit balances of Real and Personal Accounts on the left hand side (i.e. Assets side) of the Balance Sheet after making all adjustments for provision and other related items.
3. Record all the credit balances of Real and Personal Accounts on the right hand side (i.e. Liabilities side) of the Balance Sheet after making all adjustments for interest and outstanding items.
4. Add Net Profit to the Opening Capital and deduct Net Loss, if any from the Opening Capital
5. Ascertain the total of two sides, jvhich must be equal.

2nd PUC Accountancy Financial Statements of a Company Numerical Questions and Answers 

Question 1.
Show the following items in the balance sheet as per the provisions of the companies Act, 1956 in (Revised) Schedule VI:

Question 2.
On 1stApril, 2013, Jumbo Ltd., issued 10,000; 12% debentures of₹ 100 each a discount of 20%; redeemable after 5 years. The company decided to write-off discount on issue of such debentures over the life time of the Debentures. Show the items of the company immediately after the issue of these debentures.
Answer:

Question 3.
From the following information prepare the balance sheet of Gitanjali Ltd. Invntories ₹ 14,00,000; Equity Share Capital ₹ 20,00,000; Plant and Machinery ₹ 10,00, 000; Preference Share Capital ₹ 12,00,000; Debenture Redemption Reserve ₹ 6,00,000; Outstanding Expenses ₹ .3,00,000; Proposed-Dividend ₹ 5,00,000; Land and Building ₹ 20,00,000; Current Investment ₹ 8,00,000; Cash. Equivalent ₹ 10,00,000; Short term loan from Zaveri Ltd. (A Subsidiary Company of Twilight Ltd.) ₹ 4,00,000; Public Deposits ₹ 12,00,000.
Answer:

Question 4.
From the following information prepare the balance sheet of Jam Ltd. Inventories ₹ 7,00,000; Equity Share Capital ₹ 16,00,000; Plant and Machinery ₹ 8,00,000; Preference Share Capital ₹ 6,00,000; General Reserves ₹ 6,00,000; Bills payable Rs 1,50,000; Provision for taxation ₹ 2,50,000; Land and Building k 16,00,000; Non-current Investments ₹ 10,00,000; Cash at Bank ₹ 5,00,000; Creditors ₹ 2,00,000; 12% Debentures ₹ 12,00,000.
Answer:

Note to account

Question 5.
Prepare the balance sheet of Jyoti Ltd., as at March 31, 2018 from the following information. Building ₹ 10,00,000; Investments in the shares of Metro Tyers Ltd. ₹ 3,00,000; Stores & Spares ₹ 1,00,000; Discount on issue of 10% debentures of ₹ 10,000; Statement of Profit and Loss (Pr.). ₹ 90,000; 5,00,000 Equity Shares of ₹ 20 each fully paid-up; Capital Redemption Reserve ₹ 1,00,000; 10% Debentures ₹ 3,00,000; Unpaid dividends ₹ 90,000; Share options outstanding account ₹ 10,000.
Answer:

Question 6.
Brinda Ltd., has furnished the following information:
(a) 25,000,10% debentures of ₹ 100 each;
(b) Bank Loan of ₹ 10,00,000 repayable after 5 years;
(c) Interest on debentures is yet to be paid.
Show the above items in the balance sheet of the company as at March 31, 2018.
Answer:

Question 7.
Prepare a Balance sheet of Black Swan Ltd., as at March 31, 2013 from the following information:

Answer:

You can Download Chapter 2 Solutions Questions and Answers, Notes, 2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Chemistry Question Bank Chapter 2 Solutions

Question 21.
Two elements A and B form compounds having formula AB₂ and AB₄. When dissolved in 20 g of benzene (C₆H₆), 1 g of AB₂ lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K whereas 1.0 g of AB₄ lowers it by 1.3 K. Tin molar depression – constant for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol^-1. Calculate atomic masses of A and B.
Answer:


Suppose atomic masses of A and B are ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively. Then
Molar mass of AB₂ = a + 2b = 110.87 g mol^-1
Molar mass of AB₄ = a + 4b =196.15 g mol^-1
Equation (ii) – Equation (i) gives
2b = 85.28 orb = 42.64
substituting in equation (i) we get
a + 2 × 42.64 = 110.87 or a = 25.59
Thus atomic mass A = 25.59 u
Atomic mass of B = 4.64 u.

Question 22.
At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of the solution is 1.52 bars at the same temperature, what would be its concentration?
Answer:
π = CRT
∴ In the first case,
4.98 = \(\frac{36}{180}\) × R × 300 = 60R
In the second case, 1.52 = C × R × 300
Dividing (ii) by (i), we get C = 0.061 M.

Question 23.
Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pairs.
(i) n-hexane and n-octane
(ii) I₂ and CCl₄
(iii) NaClO₄ and water
(iv) methanol and acetone
(v) acetonitrile (CH₃CN) and acetone (C₃H₆O).
Answer:
(i) Both are non-polar. Hence, inter molecular interactions in them will be London/ dispersion forces (discussed in class XI)
(ii) Both are non-polar. Hence, inter molecular interactions in them will be London/ dispersion forces (discussed in class XI)
(iii) NaClO₄ gives Na+ and ClO₄^– ions in the solution while water is polar molecule. Hence, intermolecular interactions in them will be ion – dipole interactions.
(iv) Both are polar molecules. Hence intermolecular interactions in them will be dipole-dipole interactions.
(v) Both are polar molecules. Hence intermolecular interactions in them will be dipole-dipole interactions.

Question 24.
Based on solute-solvent interactions, arrange the following in order of increasing solubility in n*octane and explain. Cyclohexane, KCl, CH₃OH, CH₃CN.
Answer:
(i) Cyclohexane and n-octane both are non-polar. Hence they mix completely in all proportions.
(ii) KCl is an ionic compound while n-octane is nonpolar. Hence, KCl will not dissolve at all in n-octane.
(iii) CH₃OH and CH₃CN both are polar but CH₃CN is less polar than CH₃OH. As the solvent is non-polar, CH₃CN will dissolve more than CH₃OH is n-octane.
Thus the order of solubility will be KCl< CH₃OH < CH₃CN < Cyclohexane.

Question 25.
Amongst the following compounds, identify which are insoluble, partially soluble and highly soluble in water?
(i) phenol
(ii) toluene
(iii) formic acid
(iv) ethylene glycol
(v) chloroform
(vi) pentanol.
Answer:
(i) Partially soluble (because phenol has
polar-OH group but aromatic phenyl, C₆H₅ – group)
(ii) Insoluble because toluene is non polar while water is polar
(iii) Highly soluble because formic acid can form hydrogen bonds with water.
(iv) Highly soluble because ethylene glycol can form hydrogen bonds with water
(v) Insoluble chloroform is an organic liquid
(vi) Partially soluble because-OH group is polar but the large hydrocarbon part (C₅H₁₁) is nonpolar.

Question 26.
If the density of some lake water is 1.25g mL^-1 and contains 92 g of Na⁺ ions per kg of water, calculate the molality of Na+ ions in the lake.
Answer:
Number of moles in 92 g of Na⁺ ions

As these are present in 1 kg of water, by definition, molality = 4m.

Question 27
If the solubility product of CuS is 6 × 10^-16, calculate the maximum molarity of CuS in aqueous solution.
Answer:
Maximum molarity of CuS in aqueous solution = solubility of CuS in mol L^-1
If S in the solubility of CuS in mol L^-1 , then

Question 28.
Calculate the mass percentage of aspirin (C₉H₈O₄) in acetonitrile (CH₃CN) when 6.5 g of C₉H₈O₄ is dissolved in 450 g of CH₃CN.
Answer:

Question 29.
Nalorphene (C₁₉H₂₁NO₃), similar to morphine, is used to combat withdrawal symptoms in narcotic users. Dose of nalorphene generally given is 1.5 mg. Calculate the mass of 1.5 x 10^-3 m aqueous solution required for the above dose.
Answer:
1.5 × 10^-3 m solution means that 1.5 × 10^-3 mole of nalorphene is dissolved in I kg of water.
Molar mass of C₁₉H₂₁NO₃ = 19 × 12 + 21 + 14 + 48
= 3119 mol^-1
∴ 1.5 × 10^-3 mole of C₁₉H₂₁NO₃;
= 1.5 × 10^-3 × 3119 = 0.467 g = 467 mg
∴ Mass of solution = 1000 g + 0.467 g ‘
=1000.467g
Thus, for 467 mg of nalorphene, solution required =1000.467 g for 1.5 mg of nalorphene, solution required =\(\frac{1000.467}{467} \times 1.5 = 3.219\)

Question 30.
Calculate the amount of benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) required for preparing 250 mL of 0.15 M solution in methanol.
Answer:
0.15 M solution means that 0.15 mole of benzoic acid is present in 1 L
i.e. 1000 mL of the solution.
Molar mass of benzoic acid (C₆H₅COOH) = 72 + 5 + 12 + 32 + 1 =122 g mol^-1
∴ 0.15 mole of benzoic acid = 0.15 × 122g= 18.39
Thus, 1000 mL of the solution contain benzoic acid = 18.39
∴ 250 ml of the solution will contain benzoic acid = \(\frac{18.3}{1000}\) × 250= 4.575g

Question 31.
The depression in freezing point of water observed for the same amount of acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid increases in the order given above. Explain briefly.
Answer:
The depression in freezing points are in the order:
acetic acid < trichloroacetic acid

Fluorine, being most electronegative, has the highest electron withdrawing inductive effect. Consequently, trifluoroacetic acid is the Strongest acid while acetic acid is the weakest acid. Hence, trifluoroacetic acid ionizes to the largest extent while acetic acid ionizes to minimum extent to give ions.in their.solutions . in water. Greater the ions produced, greater is the depression in freezing point. Hence the depression in freezing point is maximum for fluoroacetic acid and minimum for acetic acid.

Question 32.
Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water when 10 g of CH₃CH₂ CHCICOOH is added to 250 g of water. K_a = 1.4 × 10^-3, K_f= 1.86 K kg mol^-1.
Answer:
Molar mass of CH₃CH₂CHCICOOH = 15 + 14 + 13 + 35.5 + 45 = 122.5 g mol^-1

If α is the degree of dissociation of CH₃CH₂CHCICOOH, then CH₃CH₂CHCLCOOH □ CH3CHXHCICOO^– + H +

To calculate vant’s Hoff factor:
CH₃CH₂CHCICOOH □ CH3CH₂HCICOO^– + H⁺

Question 33.
19.5 g of CH₂FCOOH is dissolved in 500 g of water. The depression in the freezing point of water observed is 1.0°C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of fluoroacetic acid. K_f of water is 1.86 K kg mol^-1.
Answer:
Here, w₂ = 19.5 g, w₁, = 500g, K_f = 1.86 K kg mol^-1, (AT_f) obs = 1.0°

M₂ (Calculated) for CH₂ FCOOH = 14+19+45 = 78 g mol^-1
Vant Hoff factor (i) =

calculation of dissociation constant. Suppose degree of dissociation at the given concentration is a.
Then

Taking volume of the solutions as 500ml,

Question 34.
Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17.535 mm Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water.
Answer:
Here, P° = 17.535 mm, w₂ = 25g,
w₁ = 450g
For solute (glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, M₂ = 180 g mol^-1
For solvent (H₂O), M₁ = 18g mol^-1
Applying Raoult’s law,

substituting the given values, we get

substituting the given values, we get

Question 35.
Henry’s law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27 x 10s mm Hg. Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg.
Answer:
Here, K_H = 4.27 × 10⁵ mm
p = 760 mm
Applying Henry’s law
P = K_H x

i.e, mole fraction of methane in benzene = 1.78 x 10^-3

Question 36.
100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol^-1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar mass 180 g mol^-1). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr. Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 Torr.
Answer:
Number of moles of a liquid

Number of moles of a liquid B (Solvent)

Mole fraction of B in the solution (x_A)

Mole fraction of B in the solution (x_B)
= 1-0.114 = 0.886
Also, given p⁰_B = 500 Torr
Applying Raoult’s law,
P_A = x_AP°_A = 0.114 × P°_A
P_B= x_B p°_B = 0.886 × 500 = 443 Torr
p Total = p_A + p_B
475 = 0.114 P°_A +443 or

Substituting this value in equation (i), we get p_A = 0.114x 280.7 Torr = 32 Torr

Question 37.
Benzene and toluene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition. The vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene at 300 K are 50. 71mm Hg and 32.06 mm Hg respectively. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in the vapour phase if 80 g of benzene is mixed with 100 g of toluene.
Answer:
Molar mass of benzene (C₆H₆ = 78 g mol^-1
Molar mass of toluene (C₆H₅CH₃) = 92 g mol^-1
∴ Number of moles in 80 g of benzene

Number of moles in 100 g of toluene

In the solution, mole fraction of benzene

=0.486
mole fraction of toluene = 1-0,486 = 0.514
p° Benzene = 50.71 mm, p° Toluene = 32.06mm
Applying Raoult’s law,
p Benzene= x_Tolucno × p°_Tolucne =0.514 × 32.06 mm = 16.48mm
Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase

Question 38.
The air is a mixture of a number of gases. The major components are oxygen and, nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K. The water is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm. At 298 K if the Henry’s law constants for oxygen and nitrogen at 298 K are 3.30 × 10⁷ mm and 6.51 × 10⁷ mm respectively, calculate the composition of these gases in water.
Answer:
Total pressure of air in equilibrium with water = 10 atm
As air contains 20% oxygen and 79% nitrogen by volumes
partial pressure of oxygen :
(P ) = \(\frac{20}{100}\) x 10 atm = 2atm
= 2 x 760 mm = 1520 mm
partial pressure of nitrogen \(P_{N_{2}}\)
= \(\frac{79}{100}\) × 10 atm = 7.9 atm = 7.9 x 760 mm
= 6004 mm

K_H(O₂) = 3.30 x 10⁷mm,K_H (N₂) = 6.51 × 10⁷ mm
Applying Henry’s law

Question 39.
Determine the amount of CaCl (i= 2.47) dissolved in 2.51itre of water such that its osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27° C.
Answer:

Molar mass of CaCl₂= 40 + 2x 35.5 = 111 gmol^-1
Amount dissolved = 0.0308 xlllg = 3.42g

Question 40.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K₂SO₄in 2 litre of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
Answer:
K₂SO₄ dissolved = 0.025g
volume of solution = 2L
T = 250°C = 298 K
Molar mass of K₂SO₄ =
2×39 + 32 + 4 × 16= 174gmol^-1
As, K₂SO₄ dissociates completely as K₂SO₄ → 2K+ SO₄^2-
i.e., ions produced = 3 ∴ i =3

2nd PUC Chemistry Solutions Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How does molarity of a solution change with temperature?
Answer:
Molarity decreases with increase in temperature because volume of solution increases with increase in temperature.

Question 2.
State Raoult’s law.
Ans:
It states that for a solution of volatile liquids its vapour pressure of each component is directly proportional to their mole fraction in the solution.
The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute in case of non volatile solute.

Question 3.
Why is liquid ammonia bottle first cooled in ice before opening it?
Answer:
At room temperature, the vapour pressure of liquid ammonia is very high. On cooling, vapour pressure decreases. Hence the liquid ammonia will not splash out.

Question 4.
Sodium chloride and calcium chloride are used clear show from the roads. Why?
Answer:
Sodium chloride depresses the freezing point of water to such an extent that it cannot freeze to form ice. Therefore, it melts off easily at the prevailing temperature.

Question 5.
Two liquids A and B boil at 145°C and 190°C
respectively. Which of them has a higher vapour pressure of 80°C? (CBSE 2006)
Answer:
A being more volatile will have higher vapour pressure at 80°C.

Question 6.
Calculate the molality of sulphuric acid solution in which the mole fraction is 0.85.
Answer:

Question 7.
The molar freezing point depression constant for benzene is 4.90 kg mol’1. Selenium exists as polymer. When 3.26 g of selenium is dissolved in 226 g of benzene, the observed freezing point is 0.112°C lower for pure benzene. Decide the molecular formula of selenium (At Wt. of selenium is 78.8 g mol^-1). (CBSE 2002)
Answer:

Question 8.
CCI₄ and water are immiscible whereas ethanol and water are miscible in all proportions. Correlate this behaviour with molecular structure of these compounds. (CBSE 2003,2001)
Answer:
CCI₄ is a non-polar covalent compound.
Water is a polar compound. CCI₄ can neither form H^– bonds with water molecules nor can it break H^– bonds between water molecules. Therefore, it is insoluble in water.

Ethanol is a polar compound and can form H’ bonds with water, which is a polar solvent, therefore it is miscible with water in all proportions.

Question 9.
The molarity of a solution of sulphuric acid is 1.35 M. Calculate its molarity (The density of the acid solution is 1.02 g cm³ )
Answer:
Let the solution be 1 litre or 1000 cm³
∴ Number of moles of H₂SO₄= 1.35
Wt. of solution = 1000 x 1.02 = 1020 g
Wt. of sulphuric acid = 1.35 x 98= 132.3g :
Wt. of water = 1020 – 132.3 = 887.79
Molality of H₂SO₄= ppp x 1000 = 1.52 m

From (i) M, = 110.82, from (ii) M2 = 196.15 AB4 – AB, = B2 196.15- 110.82 = B2 85.33 = B2 B = 42.665
Molar mass of AB2 = Atomic mass of A+ x 2 atomic mass of B 110.82=Atomic mass of A+85.33 Atomic mass of A = 110.82 – 85.33 = 25.49 Atomic mass of A = 25.499 Atomic mass of B = 42.669

Question 10.
Two elements A and B form compounds having molecular formula AB2 and AB4. When dissolved 20 g of C6H6, 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K, whereas 1.0 g of AB„4 lower it by 1.3 K. The molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 kg mol*1. Calculate the mass of A and B. (CBSE2004)
Answer:
Let the molar mass of AB₂ and AB₄ be M₁and M₂
Then, for AB₂,

From (I) M₁ = 110.82, from (ii) M₁ = 196.15
AB₄– AB₂= B₂
196.15 – 110.82 =B₂
85.33 = B₂
B = 42.665
Molar mass of AB2 = Atomic mass of A+ x 2 atomic mass of B
110.82 = Atomic mass of A+ 85.33
∴ Atomic mass of A = 110.82-85.33 = 25.49
Atomic mass of A = 25 .499
Atomic mass of B = 42.669