Freedom Movement 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ The roots of Nationalism are in the opposition by Indian kings against foreign occupation.
→ The first war of Independence in 1857 led to the development of political awakening in India.
→ ‘The Hindu Mela’ ‘All Indian Association’, Poona Public Sabha’, and The Indian Associatiohn’ provided the educated youth of India a Nationalistic outlook
→ The Vernacular Press Act’ was implemented by Lord Vitton to curb the independence of regional press.
→ The “Indian National Congress’ was established in 1885
→ W.C. Banerjee was the first President of ‘Indian National Congress’
→ The difference of opinions in the INC led to the formation of groups identified as ‘Moderates’ and ‘Radicals’.
→ The first twenty years of INC is called ‘Age of Moderates’
→ Some of the important moderate leaders of INC are W.C. Banerjee, M.G. Ranade, Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabai Navoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokale.
→ The ‘Moderates’ propounded ‘ The Drain Theory’ after studying the ill effects of British rule on India.
→ When the Indian regional press began to criticize the British Government, Lord Vitton implemented the Vernacular Press Act to curb the independence of the press.
→ The National Convention of the Indian National Congress was held at Bombay in 1885. Under the Presidentship of W.C. Banerjee.
→ The period between 1885 and 1905 is known as the ‘Age of Moderate’ or the “Age of Liberal Nationalism.”
→ A group of Congressmen under the leadership of Balgangadhar Tilak, called ‘Radicals’who criticized the soft stance of Moderates.
→ Bengal was divided in 1905, which was opposed by the INC
→ When the “Radicals’of INC, called for all Indians to boycott foreign goods and institutions, to protest the division of Bengal, the British withdraw – Bengal division in 1911
→ ‘Swaraj is my birth right’ – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
→ The ‘Muslilm League’ was formed in 1906
→ B.G. Tilak started publishing ‘Kesar’ in Marathi and ‘Marutha’ in English languages, and instigated Indians through his radical writings.
→ Tilak wrqte a book ‘Geetharahasya’ while he was jailed.
→ Some Indian Revaluationaries believed that they could drive away the British by violent method.
→ ‘Lotus and Dagger’ secret revolutionary organization was founded in England.
→ Abhivanava Bharatha’ and ‘Anusheela Samathi’ in India and ‘Gadha’ in USA were other revolutionary organizations.
→ V.D. Savarkar, Rajaguru, Kudiram Bose, Madam Cama, Bagath Singh and Chandrashekar Azad were the prominent revolutionaries.
→ NATIONALISM: Pride one’s own country, often to an extreme degree.
→ USHER: Cause or mark the start of some thing new.
→ VERNACULAR: The language spoken by the ordinary people of a country or region.
→ ‘DIVIDE AND RULE’ POLICY: The policy adopted by the British to divide the Hindus and Muslims of India by giving separate electorate for the Muslims.
→ MODERATES: The group of congressmen who had faith in the rule of British and Judiciary.
→ DRAIN THEORY: The drain of resources of India into England explained by the Moderates through statistics.
→ INDIAN ACT 1861: was passed by British Government was enacted to allow Indians in the administration of the country.
→ INDIA ACT 1892: was enacted by British parliament to authorize the size of Legislative councils in British India to be increased.
→ GEETHA RAHASYA: The name of the book written by B.G. Tilak while he was Jailed.
→ LOTUS AND DAGGER: A secret organisation of Indian revolutionaries founded in England.
→ GADHA: A revolutionary organisation of Indians founded in USA.
→ ABHIVANAVA BHARATHA: A secret revolutionary organisation in India.
→ ANUSHEELA SAMATHI: A Secret Revolutionary organisation in India.
→ VERNACULAR PRESS ACT: An Act implemented by the British to supress the Independence of Indian Press.
→ 1857: First War of Indian Independence
→ 1858: End of the rule of East India Company and start of Queen Victoria’s rule over British-India empire.
→ 1861: India Act of 1861
→ 1885: National Convention of Indian National Congress was held at Bombay.
→ 1885 – 1905: Age of moderates of Age of liberal Nationalism.
→ 1892: India Act 1892
→ 1905: Partition of Bengal
→ 1906: Establishment of Muslim League
→ 1911: Withdrawal of Partition of Bengal