Post Independent India 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ After the Independence of India, India had many problems on its hand. They were :
- Partition of India and Pakistan had led to communal riots.
- About 562 princely states had to be integrated into the Indian union.
- The economy of India was in a pathetic state.
- India had the challenge of creating its own constitution.
- India had to establish a strong military force to protect itself.
- India had to strengthen the social fabric and establish social equality and a foreign policy to make arrangements for loans.
→ The Communal violence in the aftermath of the partition of India helped India to adopt secular principles in the constitution.
→ India supported the ‘Bengal Vimochana Movement’ to liberate – East Pakistan (Bangladesh) for its oppressive rule of West Pakistan.
→ During the Tibetan Crisis the Government of Karnataka gave 3000 acres of land to Tibetan refugees at Bylukuppe, in Mysore in the year 1960.
→ An Interim Government was formed after independence was declared on August 15, 1947.
→ The last governor general of India was Lord Mountbatten.
→ Babu Rajendra Prasad was the First President of India.
→ The words ‘Secular and Socialist’ were added to the Indian constitution by the 42nd amendment in 1976.
→ India adopted Parliamentary Democracy.
→ The Princely states of India were regarded through the ‘Instrument of Accession’.
→ The ‘Instrument of Accession’ offered revenue sharing based on the actual revenue of the state in the form of royalty
→ Royalty and status offered to the erstwhile Indian princes were withdrawn in 1971.
→ Sardar Vallababahi Patel ‘The Iron man of India’ was the first Home Minister of Independent India.
→ Sardar Patel was instrumental in integrating princely states with Indian union.
→ The princely state of Junagadh was integrated into India in 1949.
→ The princely state of Hyderabad was integrated into India in 1948.
→ The accession of Jammu and Kashmir is still a matter of enmity between India and Pakistan.
→ Pondicherry became union territory in 1963.
→ Goa was liberated from the Portuguese rule in 1955.
→ Potti Sriramulu of Andhra Pradesh died after 54 days of hunger strike demanding Vishaladhra’ a language based state reorganization of Indian states.
→ The Reorganisation of State Commission was formed in 1953 and Fazal Ali was the president of the Commission.
→ The State Reorganisation Act was implemented’ and Indian formed 14 states and 6 union territories.
→ The Mysore state was formed on October 14th, 1947.
→ The ‘All Karnataka Rajya Nirmana Parishad’ demanded a integration of all Kannada speaking regions
→ ‘Karnataka’ state was formed in 1973.
→ At present there are 29 states and 7 union territories in India.
→ MOULANA ADBUL KALAM AZAD: Was the Indian scholar and senior Muslim leader of I.N.C. and was the First Education Minister of Independent India. ‘Moulana’ means ‘Our Master.’
→ KHAN ABDUL GAFFAR KHAN: Was famously known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’ because of his association with Gandhiji and his non-violence principles. He was one of the opponents of division of India.
→ WEST PAKSITAN: During the partition of India, the regions of Pakistan included west Pakistan now Pakistan and East Pakistan now Bangladesh. Bangladesh became independent in 1956.
→ BENGAL VIMOCHANA MOVEMENT: The movement started in East Pakistan for freedom from West Pakistan
→ BYLUKUPPE: A village near Mysore, offered by the Karnataka Government for Tibetan refugees.
→ ACCESSION: Addition to existing region.
→ RAZACKS: The soldiers of the Nizam of Hyderabad Army.
→ KING HARI SINGH: The ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
→ UNION TERRITORY: Is an administrative division in Indian Republic ruled directly by the Union Government.
→ PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR: The north east part of Kashmir still occupied by Pakistan.
→ 1947:
- India became independent from British rule on 15th August 1947
- King Harisingh of Kashmir agreed to join India in October 1947
- Battle Truce between India and Pakistan on January 01, 1947
→ 1948: Hyderabad was integrated into the Indian Union
→ 1949: Junagadh joined Indian Federation
→ 1950: Indian Constitution was adopted on January 26, 1958.
→ 1951: Sir Million refugees from West Pakistan arrive in India.
→ 1953:
- Formation of Andhra Pradesh state
- Formation of Reorganisation of State Commission
→ 1954: Integration of Pondicherry Karikal, Mahe and Chandranagar.
→ 1995: Liberation of Goa from the Portugal rule
→ 1956: Formation of Vishala Mysore State
→ 1960: Government of Karnataka sanctioned 3000 acres of land to Tibetan refugees at Bylukuppe near Mysore.
→ 1963: Pondicheery became an union territory.
→ 1970: Major famines in India. Major Economic crisis in India
→ 1971:
- Royalities and status given to erstwhile Indian princes withdrawn.
- East Pakistan (Bangladesh) refugees arrive in India.
→ 1973: Mysore state was named ‘Karnataka’
→ 1987: Goa given statehood.