Social Problems 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ The Indian constitution states that ‘If children below the age of 14 years are working for financial consideration, then it is ‘Child Labour’.
→ According to the Census of 2018, there are 12.6 million child labourers.
→ The ‘Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act’ of 1986 was amended as ‘Adolescent Labour Prohibition’ in 2016.
→ ‘Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act’ (2012) states ‘Any act of unsafe touch, exploitation, violence, harassment, and assault on any children (boy or girl) under the age of 15 years is considered as sexual offence.
→ ‘Female Foeticide’ is an attempt to stop the natural growth of a female foetus in the womb of a mother or aborting the foetus forcibly.
→ In 2001 the female sex ratio was 949 for every 1000 boys.
→ The National Health Survey-3’, report shows that the mortality rate of male child after birth is 16.5% whereas that of the girl child was 19.3%
→ The ‘Pre-Conception and Pre-natal Diagnosis Technologies Act’ (PCPNDT-1994) was enacted to stop female foeticide.
→ ‘Hunger’ is a state where the necessary calorie of food is not available for an individual.
→ The FAO says that in India, an individual needs atleast 1820 calorie of food.
→ A person who receives less than 1632 colories of food is considered as Malnourished.
→ The Hunger Index is based on three aspects :
- The average of people who receive less than minimum calorie of food required.
- The average of children who are below five years of age and underweight.
- The mortality rate of children below five years of age.
→ India ranks at No.20 in the Global Hunger Index.
→ The National Family Health Survey 2015-16, states that 70.4% of children in India between 06-35 months suffer from anemia.
→ According to Amartya Sen, the noted economist, gender based inequalities are as follows
- Inequality in birth rate
- Inequality in infrastructure
- Inequality in opportunities
- Inequality in ownership
- Inequality in family
→ The Indian tradition of child marriage is one of the major problems of our society
→ The law prohibits a girl below the age of 18 and a boy below the age of 21 to be married.
→ The primary reason for child marriage is gender discrimination.
→ The Child Marriage Prohibition Act was enacted in 2006.
→ The ‘Child Rights Convention’ of the UNO was held in 1992.
→ ‘Child Marriage’ is punishable by law and also liable for imprisonment.
→ The Government of Karnataka has designated 47 officers of different levels as ‘Child Marriage Prevention Officers.
→ About 70% of Human Trafficked are women and children.
→ Any human being below 18 years employed, transferred, shifted, sheltered, sent and owned with the intention of exploitation is called ‘Child Trafficking’
→ Child labour, child marriage, school dropout, poverty, negligence in the families, bonded labour are some main reasons of child trafficking.
→ The Immoral Human Trafficking Prevention Act of 1956’ prohibits any trafficking of women and children and the perpetrator is liable for punishment under IPC 370 with a minimum of ten year imprisonment.
→ ADOLESCENT: A boy or girl in the process of developing from a child into an adults.
→ PRE-NATAL: Before birth
→ FAO: Food and agriculture organisation
→ HUNGER INDEX: Infant mortality rate, child mobility rate, fertility rate and economic development rate divided by three.
→ BHI: Body Mass Index
→ PATRIARCHAL: Male-dominated society
→ ANEMIA: A shortage of haemoglobin (red blood cells) in blood, causing paleness and lack of energy.
→ 1994: ‘Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnose Techniques Act (PCPNDT-1994) implemented
→ 2006: ‘Child Marriage Prevention At’ enacted.
→ 2016: ‘Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act’ 1986 amended to ‘Adolescent Labour Prohibition Act’ 2016