Social Stratification 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ Gender, Caste, Profession, Class 85 Race is the “Proof of Social Inequality”.
→ The social inequalities are: Income, Education and Professional Opportunities, health facilities and political representation and participation, unequal access to Materials, Resources, Income, Opportunities, Recognition and Status.
→ Education brings equal opportunities.
→ Article 39 of the Constitution of India, states social justice and welfare of the people is the duty of the Government.
→ The 86th Amendment of Article 214 states that free and compulsory education to all children between 6 and 14 years should be provided with free and compulsory education.
→ Article 45 states all children, under 14 years should be provided with free and compulsory education.
→ Article 19 gives the Right to Speak and Right to Express one’s own opinion, a fundamental right.
→ Article 29 provides protection of cultural rights of the minorities.
→ Article 30 provides for the establishment of minority educational institutions.
→ Article 46 expresses the duty of Government to support the education interest of Scheduled Caste and Tribes.
→ The method of dividing people into different strata and the assigning of different rules and status in society is called social stratification.
→ The main features of social stratification are:
- Social Stratification is
- Social in Nature
- Universal
- Ancient
- Exists in different ways
→ The major forms of social stratification are:
- Primitive Society
- Slavery
- Estate System
- Varna System
- Caste System
→ The “Four Varnas” are a system of social division practiced from the time of Vedas.
→ The practice of “untouchability” began with the “varna system”.
→ The “Indian Government Act” – 1935, classified the untouchables and tribals as “Scheduled Castes & Tribes”
→ The problems of untouchability are:
- Untouchables occupy the lowest social strata.
- Untouchables were denied education
- Untouchables were denied property rights.
- Untouchables were denied political participation rights.
→ The Legal measures to eradicate untouchability are:
- Articles 17 of Indian Constitution prohibits untouchability.
- ‘Untouchability Crime Act’ of 1955 makes untouchability a criminal act.
- The Act of 1969 has made government responsible in the eradication of untouchability.
→ Articles 15, 16, 17, 38 and 39 prohibits any discrimination among the Indian citizens.
- Articles 16(4) and 320(4) have provided reservation in the employment for scheduled tribe and scheduled castes.
- Articles 330, 332, 334 provide schedule reservation for scheduled Castes and tribes in politics.
- Article 29 declares education facilities.
- Artice 25 has given rights to all people to enter publilc temples.
→ GDP: Gross Democratic Product (GDP) is a quantitative measure of a nation’s total economic activity. It represents the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation over a specified period of time.
→ DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES: The directive principles are defined in Part III of the Indian Constitution, which are guidelines for the framing of laws by the Government.
→ PREAMBLE: Of the constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the constitution.
→ HOLOSTlC: Comprehensive, Universal
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI): Body Mass Index is a value derived from the height & weight of an individual weight / (height)2, to categorize as underweight, normal weight or over weight.
→ STRATIFICATION: Classification into groups