10th English The Discovery Lesson Notes Question Answer

KSEEB 10th English The Discovery Lesson Notes Questions and Answers

Check Your Understanding :
“Share your responses”
(Refer to Text Page No. 113):

Question 1.
Some physical features of Columbus are described/given in the text. Based on your reading complete the table.
Answer:
Physical Features of Columbus
i. Physique : tall, well-built
ii. Age : 46 years
iii. Hair : White
iv. Complexion : fair, ruddy
v. Face : Melancholic.

Question 2.
Usually we sing songs to express our joys and sorrows. Here the play begins with a song. What mood does this convey ?
Answer:
They are in dejected mood. They sing it to keep up their spirits.

Question 3.
There are limits to patience,’ says Diego. What does this suggest about Diego’sstate of mind ?
Answer:
He is impatient and seems to be angry.

Question 4.
Who do you think has the lives of fifty in his hands ? How ?
Answer:
According to Diego, Columbus has the lives of fifty in his hands. He has taken some of them as prisoners during his voyage.

(Refer to Text Page No. 114 & 115):

Question 1.
“A good sailor knows his place.” Says Columbus to Diego. The statement is ………..
(Choose the right answer from the options and complete the sentence.)
a. a piece of advice
b. an indirect command
c. a statement
Answer:
(b) an indirect command.

Question 2.
Which reaction of Diego to the sentence above justifies your choice? Quote the phrase indicating his reaction.
Answer:
He is angry but doesn’t show it. It is his repressed fury.

Question 3.
How does Pedro try to defend the drunken seamen? Was he right in defending them?
Answer:
Pedro defends the drunken seamen by calling them simple and drink for relaxation or to forget their worries. He is right in defending them because they do not the vision of the captain.

Question 4.
What is termed as his worst enemy by Columbus?
Answer:
According to Columbus, his enemy is his unbridled tongue.

Question 5.
The dialogue between Columbus and Pedro in section 2 reveals this trait of Columbus – (Choose the most appropriate response.)
a. dictatorial attitude
b. quick temper
c. hatred towards the seamen
d. selfishness
Answer:
(c) hatred towards the seamen.

Question 6.
“Columbus is always furious when he hears the song ‘Here’s a keg o’rum.’ ” What makes him react so?
Answer:
Because he thinks that God only desires to solve mysteries and not provide the solution.

(Refer to Text Page No. 116):

Question 1.
This section reveals the behaviour of (Fill in the blank)
Answer:
the servant Pepe and the seamen.

Question 2.
Why do you think Pepe prefers to be in the company of Columbus?
Answer:
Because he hates seamen.

Question 3.
Pepe is always eager to say that he is ever ………. to Columbus. (Fill in the blank.)
Answer:
loyal/grateful.

Question 4.
Pepe warns Columbus about some people. Who are they?
Answer:
He warns about seamen. He says that the seamen are horrible and desperate when they drink.

(Refer to Text Page No. 117):

Question 1.
How are the seamen expressing their discontent even as Columbus can hear them?
Answer:
Their noise grows louder which shows the deepening of their discontent.

Question 2.
Pepe is heard saying, ‘They shan’t’
a. Who are meant by ‘they’?
b. What does the boy mean by saying ‘They shan’t?
Answer:
They refer to the seamen. The boy says that they shall not come before Columbus and tell him.

Question 3.
‘The Santa Maria will be lighter for his carcass.’ Whose words is Pepe quoting here? (Choose the right answer and complete the sentence.)
a. Diego
b. Francisco
c. Pedro
d. Guillermo Ires
Answer:
(b) Francisco

Question 4.
Which statement of Francisco suggests that he too has lost his temper? Quote his words.
Answer:
“Discipline is a thing of the past” is the statement.

(Refer to Text Page No. 119):

Question 1.
‘Who’s to put him in irons?’ challenges Guillermo. The person meant by ‘him’ in this context is :
a. Guillermo
b. The first man to move towards Columbus
c. Columbus
d. The first man who challenged Columbus
Answer:
(a) Guillermo

Question 2.
7 will perform it myself,’ says Columbus. What does ‘it’ mean here?
Answer:
He will navigate the ship and put the men in irons.

Question 3.
‘Devil’s track to nowhere,’ says Guillermo. What does this suggest about the thinking of the seamen ?
Answer:
They didn’t know where they were going.

Question 4.
After ‘a perceptible pause,’ who grows more mutinous than others?
a. Name that character.
b. Quote his words.
Answer:
(a) Columbus,
(b) ‘Silence’

(Refer to Text Page No. 122):

Question 1.
In his somewhat a long speech, what does Columbus say he has discovered?
Answer:
He has discovered that loyalty passes like seaweed on an outgoing tide. Friendship breaks as a mast hollowed by worms breaks. He has further found out that Discipline, Duty, and honourable obedience are bubbles that burst at the first contact. Man remains himself. He also says that when a man is given a vision he must follow it alone.

Question 2.
Pepe excitedly declares that he is still loyal to the leader. What effect does it have on others like Juan and Guillermo?
Answer:
Juan and Guillermo still say that they are simple men and they will wait there for a day only.

Question 3.
Compare Francisco’s words of confession with what he had said earlier in anger. How does Columbus react to his confession?
Answer:
Francisco says that desperate men do not always act up to the best that is in them. He begs to forgive him. Columbus reacts saying to Francisco that his best can not be bettered. He bids him good night.

Question 4.
How does Pedro react to the words of Columbus that he thought he saw some flickering light?
Answer:
He responds positively that there is a light & says ‘Glory to be God!’

Question 5.
Do you consider the ending to be happy? Justify your answer.
Answer:
As a reader, I consider the ending a happy one. The seamen wanted to return to their homes and meet their families.
They wanted to return to Spain but when they find light and land, they forget everything and rejoice with the captain. The defiance of Columbus with his crew is resolved. The conflict comes to an end.

Think about the text

Question 1.
‘Mutiny is an ugly word,’ says, Diego. Is mutiny an ugly word? If so, why?
Answer:
Here in this context, “Mutiny” is an ugly word, because Juan and Diego expressed their frustration and they have lost patience. But mutiny is a word which means ‘rebellious”. It shows rebellious attitude. It appears rather a harsh word.

Question 2.
‘Columbus feels that whatever he does, it is God’s will.’ What ‘will’ of God does he like to fulfill through this venture?
Answer:
Columbus has set out to discover a New World and carry out the commands of his King and queen. It is God’s will. He has to carry out his mission.

Question 3.
Columbus says, “would God implant the desire to solve mysteries and not provide the solutions?” Identify the mood of Columbus in saying this.
Answer:
Columbus’ word is rather serious and grave.

Question 4.
Pepe says, “Everybody doubts… except me.” Why do you think he is an exception?
Answer:
He knows the plight of the seamen. He believes them. So he is an exception.

Question 5.
Usually people feel desperate when they fail to get something they want. In the play The Discovery’, why do the crew-mates of Columbus feel desperate?
Answer:
Columbus is often at open defiance with his crew. It builds up a conflict. When the seamen sing songs, he feels irritated. He tells them to stop it. They are not allowed even to sing to keep up their spirits. Columbus is a strict disciplinarian and he wants it to be followed by all. He never entertains mutinous thoughts. He wants to fulfill his mission. He doesn’t allow anybody to behave as they like. He wants them to follow his will. So they feel desperate.

Question 6.
“Discipline knows no buts.” Why is discipline needed in one’s life?
Answer:
Discipline gives a different colour to our life. If we are disciplined everything goes well. We feel happy ourselves.

Question 7.
Comparing with his co-mates, Columbus makes some statements that he is different from others. One statement is given. Add some more statements to the list.
Answer:
i. I am not ungrateful.
ii. It is my will.
iii. I will perform it myself.

Question 8.
Columbus says, “Shall simple men judge their betters?” Don’t you think simple men also possess the ability of judgment?’ Share your opinion with your friends.
Answer:

For	Against
i. Simple men also can judge.	i. Simple men do not have proper understanding.
ii. They too have knowledge.	ii. They fail to judge people.
iii. They see life.	iii. They can’t judge their superiors.

Question 9.
How is the excitement of finding a new land expressed by different characters at the end of the play? e.g. Pedro says, “It is, sir, Glory be to God.”
Answer:
Sailor says, “A light! Blessed Mother of God.”
Voice of the other seamen : A light ! Land ! Land !

Question 10.
‘Your best cannot be bettered’, says Columbus. This statement implies that
a. None is perfect at any time.
b. There is always scope for improvement.
c. Once we reach the level of being best, we can never improve.
d. Columbus is not totally happy with Francisco. (Choose the best option)
Answer:
(c) Once we reach the level of being best, we can never improve.

Question 11.
Swami Vivekananda says, “Purity, Patience and Perseverance are the essentials to success -And above all, Love.” Does Columbus possess all these qualities? Justify.
Answer:
Columbus has the quality of perseverance and purity. He never deviates from his aim or his mission. He has the quality or love towards exploration. But he is short-tempered and authoritative. He uses power to curb the freedom. It is because of this the crew retaliates.

Question 12.
Find below the words that refer to Columbus and words that refer to mutinous sailors. Classify them in Column A and B accordingly. Refer to a dictionary, if necessary. (revolting, sheepish, short-tempered, authoritative, bold, ungrateful, farsighted, submissive, silently angry, visionary, disloyal)
Answer:

A. Columbus	B. Mutinous sailors
short-tempered, authoritative, bold,farsighted, visionary.	Revolting, sheepish submissive, silently angry, disloyal, ungrateful.

Question 13.
An incomplete paragraph is given below. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate words and phrases given in brackets. (vision, faith, God, bursts, voyage, the end, sea weeds, new land, man)
This discovery, says Columbus is a ………………… of discovery. Apart from discovering the ……………. he has come to know of many things. First, he says, one has to depend on one’s ……………….. not on the support of others. For, loyalty is as temporary as the ………… on a tide. In the beginning, there may be some discipline, but soon it like a balloon. Ultimately what remains is in oneself. The daring nature of Columbus survives till,……………… and he attributes his success to the blessings of …………….
Answer:
This discovery, says Columbus is land he has come to know of many things. First, he says, one has to depend on one’s vision, not on the support of others. For, loyalty is as temporary as the sea weeds on a tide. In the beginning, there may be some discipline, but soon it bursts like a balloon. Ultimately what remains is faith in oneself. The daring nature of Columbus survives till the end, and he attributes his success to the blessings of God.

Enrich Your Vocabulary

Task-1:
Look at the words given in the diagram.
They are close in their meanings.
Choose the most appropriate word from the diagram and fill in the blank, e.g.,

Answer:
Bhuvana: Hello! Students, I came to know that you are going to visit Mercara, aren’t you?
Students: Yes madam. It’s rather hot here. So we would like to visit Mercara for the weather is pleasantly cold there.

Task-2:
In each of the following diagrams one word is given. Find out words that belong to the same set of meaning given in the rectangle box and complete the respective diagram. Consult a good dictionary to know more words and meanings.
Answer:
amazed, hardly, mammoth, border, astonish, scarcely, large, edge, enormous, verge, inadequately, shock, huge, meagerly, margin, abundant, rarely, limit, surprise, stun.

Task-3:
Now use the appropriate words in their appropriate forms to fill in the blanks in the following sentences.
1. The children were so excited that they…………..
could speak.
Answer:
hardly

2. The chemical pollution poses a threat to the population on a scale.
Answer:
large

3. The mutinous sailors were ……….. by the boldness of Pepe.
Answer:
shocked

4. The noise ………. Ramesh, and he dropped his glasses on the floor.
Answer:
stunned

5. Javeed, the policeman was armed to face the robbers ……….. home alone.
Answer:
inadequately, in the large

6. They won a …………victory in elections.
Answer:
huge.

Task- 4 :
We use many words to describe persons. Parts of the human body or appearance are given in bubbles in column ‘A’. Describing words are given in rectangle boxes in column ‘B’. Match them and write answer in column ‘C’.
Answer:

Task-5 :
Using the words given in the table above, describe the one who is dear and near to your heart. One is done for you.
Answer:
Mamatha, my friend is tall, slim and fair. With her oval face and wavy hair she looks very attractive. Not only is she clever and smart, but social and reliable also. Surrounded by a host of friends, she spends time cracking jokes. No wonder, then, that she is the uncrowned queen of our college.

Listen and Comprehend

Task-1: Listen to the teacher, repeat, classify and write in the respective column.
Proverb: a short well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true.
Saying: a well-known short statement that expresses an idea most people believe to be true and wise.
Tongue-twister : a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly.
Travel Announcement: announcements made at the bus-station, railway station or airport. Instructions: the written information that tells you how to do or use something.
Answer:
Proverbs :
1. There are many slips between the cup and the lip.
2. Birds of a feather flock together.

Savings :
1. When luck kicks, no one checks.
2. Born poor is not a sin, but dying poor is.
3. It is very easy to defeat someone, but it is very hard to win over someone.
4. A ship is always safe at the shore. It is was not built for that. So take risk and achieve more.

Tongue-twisters :
1. She sells sea shells at the sea shore.
2. Don’t trouble until trouble troubles you; if you trouble, trouble will trouble you.
3. car rally, lorry rally.

Travel Announcements :
1. Airavatha 2222 is at platform-10. It leaves for Mysore at 10.00 a.m.

Instructions/Warnings :
1. Don’t pluck flowers in the garden.
2. Switch off your mobiles at the petrol bunk.
3. Hereby all the passengers are requested to fasten their safe belts.
4. Keep distance between vehicles.
5. Always keep to your left on the road.

Task-2 :
Collect as many sentences as possible for each heading and write. Your teacher will guide you in this regard.

Self-Assessment

Read the statement and put a tick mark in the appropriate box.

SI. No.	Statement	Yes	No	To some extent
1.	I was able to listen to the instructions of the teacher.	✓
2.	I was able to classify the sentences in different headings.	✓
3.	I grasped the meanings of proverb, saying etc.	✓
4.	I have got interest in reading instructions, proverbs etc.	✓
5.	I have got interest in collecting proverbs, sayings, tongue- twister etc.	✓

Speak Well

Seeking Permission (Imagine Columbus meeting King Ferdinand II of Argon and Isabella I of Castle to’seek their permission for his voyage to find sea-route to India. Complete the dialogues choosing sentences given in the box.

Columbus : Good morning, your Majesty.
Ferdinand : Very good morning.
Isabella: Columbus. Are you ready with your plans ?
Columbus : Yes, your Majesty. Could I present my plans ?
Isabella: First tell us about your destination.
Columbus : I have a great desire to find out sea-route to India.
Isabella: Oh! That’s a good idea, but we’d like to refer your plan to a committee.
Columbus : As your Majesty desires. (After a long pause.)
Isabella: Dear Columbus, our committee members feel that you have grossly underestimated the distance to India.
Columbus : I beg your pardon, they are wrong.
Isabella: They also feel vour idea is impractical. In fact, they insisted that we reject it.
Columbus : Oh. no. please don’t do that. I’ve full confidence in what I’m going to do.
Isabella: In that case, will an allowance of 12,000 maravedis be enough?
Columbus : Thank you so much. May I ask something else too ?
Isabella: Of course, well give an order to provide you with food and lodging till you get ready to sail .
Columbus : I’m extremely thankful to your majesty.
Isabella: May God bless you. Bon Voyage!

a. As your Majesty desires.
b. Thank you so much. May I ask for something else, too?
c. They also feel your idea is impractical.
In fact, they insisted that we reject it.
d. Columbus, are you ready with your plan?
e. I have a great desire to find out sea route to India.
f. May God bless you! Bon voyage !

Read and Respond

Task-1
Observe the Graph 4A’. It gives the information about the number of students who are late to the class on
the workIng days. Based on your observation answer the questions given below.

1. The same numbers of students are late on two days. Which days are they?
Answer:
They are Tuesday and Thursday.

2. How many students are late on Friday?
Answer:
15 students are late on Friday.

3. On which day are most of the students late?
Answer:
On Monday.

Task-2 :
Observe the Graph. Based on your observation answer the questions given below.

A Fill in the blanks:
1. The graph shows the _______ read by ______ and ________
Answer:
books. Basava, Emily

2. On day 2, __________ read more books than ___________
Answer:
Emily. Basava.

B. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Until the fourth day, which student read books in an increasing order?
Answer:
Basava

Question 2.
Name the day on which both the students read the same number of books.
Answer:
On day fourth

Question 3.
Name the days on which Emily read more number of books than Basava.
Answer:
On the second and fifth day.

Question 4.
Over a period of 5 days who between the two had improved his/her reading habits better?
Answer:
Emily.

Practise Writing
e-communication

Task-1:
Study the following e-mail sent by Hemanth to his friend Shiva Shakti describing the experience of being drenched in a sudden shower of rain.
Answer:

Now sit with your partner/partners and imagine that you were one of the crew- i mates of Columbus. You wanted to convey a message to your friend about the discovery of the New World. How would you send it in a message format?
The date you set sail.
Places of visit.
Talks you listened to.
People you met.
Weather you had felt.
Answer:

Dear Ravi, You know, I was one of the crew- mates of Columbus about the discovery of the New World. We set sail on 11th October 1492 from Spain. We could see many places and as you know the strict disciplinarian Columbus. He used to tell us to be strict, disciplined and serious. We could meet many people that is sailors. The weather was extremely cold during the night. On the whole it was a pleasant voyage. Looking forward to your reply. Arun

Learn Grammar Through Communication

Task-1:
Some sentences are given in columns A and C. Some co-ordinating conjunctions are given in column B. Match and combine them to form compound sentences.

A	B	C
Pepe stood at the stairs	for	his crew would have turned violent.
They were singing	or else	god is our guide.
Pepe was still a boy	and	the men could not go up.
Columbus was an able leader	but	they were danc­ing.
We will reach the shore	(and) so	he was bold

Answer:

Pepe stood at the stairs	SO	the men could not go up.
They were singing	and	they were danc­ing
Pepe was still a boy	but	he was bold.
Columbus was an able leader	or else	his crew would have turned violent
We will reach the shore	for	God is our guide.

Complex Sentence
Read the following sentences. Some words are underlined.

• Although Pepe was a boy, he was very useful to Columbus.
• Columbus was furious when he heard the song.
• They sailed until they reached the island.
• We sail because it is God’s will.
• I hope that we are not entertaining mutinous thoughts.
• This is the vision which God has given me.
• Friendship breaks as a mast is hollowed by worms.

Look at the first sentence. It has two cluses.
– Pepe was a boy – He (Pepe) was very useful to Columbus.
The word ‘Although’ is added to the first claus, reading: “Although Pepe was a boy.” Now this does not make complete meaning. So. it is a dependent clause. the clause, ‘He (Pepe) was very useful to Columbus’ can stand on its own, and so, itr is an independent clause. So, the given sentence has two parts. Although Pepe was a boy – dependent clause . He (Pepe) was very useful to Columbus independent clause. The entire sentence is a complex sentence. ‘Although’ is a subordinate conjunction.

Task-2:
Analyse the remaining sentences given above.
Answer:
Sentence — Clause
• Columbus was furious : Independent

• When he heart the story: dependent
They sailed : Independent
until they reached the island: dependent

• We sail : Independent
because it is God’s will: dependent

• We are not entertaining mutinous
thoughts : Independent
I hope that : dependent

• God has given me : dependent
This is the vision : independent

• Friendship breaks : Independent
as a mast is hollowed by worms: dependent

Task-3:
Frame complex sentences using the subordinate conjunctions given in the box. One example is given.
though, while, as long as, since, where, unless, in order that, as if, that, whenever
e. g., Whenever he comes to Dharwad, he meets me.
Answer:

• I do not know if Ramesh will come today.
• I tried to know where Kamala lived.
• Unless you show your identity I won’t allow you.
• Though his intentions are kind, he is sometimes a hard master.
• He will not pay unless he is compelled.
• Since I am unable to get much I accept little.
• While my parents are absent I cannot come.
• He rushed to help his friend in order that he could save him.
• I will be confident as long as you stay with me.
• He stood silent as if he were an idol.
• It is a pity that we should have to undergo this disgrace.

10th English Notes