The Impact of British Rule in India Questions and Answers KSEEB Class 10 Social Science

The Impact of British Rule in India Class 10 Questions and Answers KSEEB 10th Social Science

I. Fill in the following blanks with suitable answers:

Question 1.
Diwani Adalat in civil court was introduced by _______________
Answer:
Warren Hastings

Question 2.
The post of Superintendent of Police was created by _______________
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis

Question 3.
The Permanent Zamindari system’ was implemented in Bengal and Bihar provinces in _______________
Answer:
1793

Question 4.
The Land tax system was implemented by Alexander Reed is _______________
Answer:
The Ryotwari System

Question 5.
The British officer who supported the Modern Education in India is _______________
Answer:
Macaulay

Question 6.
The Regulating Act was implemented in the year _______________
Answer:
1773

II. Discuss and Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Illustrate the Judicial system formulated through East India Company?
Answer:

• Warren Hastings took over the administration as Governor in 1772.
• Warren Hastings introduces two types of courts in each district they are:

a) Dewani Aadalat: A civil court, in which Hindus were dispensed Justice as per the Hindu Scriptures and the Muslims as per the Shariyat.
Civil courts came under the administration* of European officers.

b) Fouzadaari Aadalat: A criminal court, which were under the court of Qajis and functioned under the supervision of European officers.
Gradually, the British Legal Procedures were introduced in the criminal courts.

Question 2.
What are the measures under taken at the time of British in Police sytem?
Answer:
MEASURES TAKEN BY THE BRITISH IN INDIA POLICE SYSTEM:

• The Police were responsible for maintaining internal law and order.
• An efficient Police system was implemented by the then Governor-General Lord Cornwallis.
• The new post of Superintendent of Police (SP) was created.
• Each district was divided into many ‘stations’ and each ‘station’ was put under the care of a ‘Kotwal. The ‘Kotwal’ was made accountable for thefts, crimes and other law violations at village level.
• Each village was put under the Care of a ‘Chowkidhar’.
• After the severe drought of 1770, the entire police system was brought under the control of British officers.
• The system of appointing British Magistrates started in 1781.
• Police officers were brought under the control of Magistrates.
• The ‘Police Law’ was implemented in 1861, which was the base of law and order administration.
• In 1902, the “Police Commission Law” allowed the appointment of ‘ suitable education qualification for the post of Police Officers.

Question 3.
In permanent Zamindari System the Indian farmers “were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt.” How? Prove.
Answer:
The ‘Permanent Zamindar system’ authorized the Zamindar to become the land owner. He had to pay an agreed sum of money as land taxes to the company on a set date every year. The Zamindar was allowed to collect any amount of land taxes from the farmers and could retain the excess money collected, which was very beneficial to the Zamindar.

If the Zamindar was unable to collect land taxes due to floods or famine and pay the company, the ownership of the lands were taken away from him by the company.

The system was beneficial to both the Zamindar and the company. But the farmers were put into a very grave situation. The farmer and the farm labourers suffered due to irregular working opportunity in the farming lands. The cultivators were reduced to the position of tenents and suffered miserably at the hands of their land’lords.

Most Zamindars led a life of luxury and did not take proper care of their lands and the yield from the lands decreased gradually. But the farmers were required to pay the land tax each year. They had to resort to borrowing money from the more lenders at prohibitive rates of interest. Hence their lives were mired in debts.

The British politician Charles Metcalf has rightly said that “The Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt due to the land tax policies of the British.”

Question 4.
‘What were the main aspects of Ryotwari system?
Answer:
THE MAIN ASPECTS OF ROYAT- WARI SYSTEM:

• Both the farmer and the company were directly linked’ b The tiller of the land was recognized as the owner of the land.
• The land owner had to pay fifty percent of produce as land tax to the company.
• The land tax had thirty years tenure
• The tax could be reviewed after this tenure.

Question 5.
What were the. effects of British Land taxes?
Answer:
THE IMPACT OF BRITISH LAND TAX SYSTEM:

• A new class of Zamindars who exploited the farmers was created.
• The farmers who were subjected to the exploitation of the Zamindars, became landless slowly.
• Land became a commodity . Loans could be raised by mortgaging the lands.
• Many Zamindars also had to mortgage their lands in order to pay the land taxes.
• The agriculture sector became commercialized and had to grow raw materials needed by industries back in England.
• The money lenders became strong.

Question 6.
Make a list of the effects of British Education in India
Answer:
THE IMPACT OF BRITISH EDUCATION IN INDIA:
1. Indians could develop modernity, secularism, democratic attitudes and rationality along with Nationalistic ideals.

2. Impetus was received for the local literature and languages. This facilitated unity in thinking process among the educated class.

3. Periodicals started emerging. These scrutinized the policies and working of the government which in turn enabled the Indians to have critical opinions on various issues.

4. New Social and religious reformation movements emerged.

5. The thoughts of thinkers like J S Mill, Rousseau and Montesquieu brought fresh thinking in the mind of educated youth of India.

6. The freedom struggles that were taking place across the globe influenced the Indians also.

7. Indians could understand and appreciate their rich tradition.
Like this, the new thinking and cultural perception that emerged due to the British Education System created a new generation of Indians with progressive attitudes.

Question 7.
What were the restrictions imposed in Regulating Act?
Answer:
THE RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED IN REGULATING ACT 1773:
The Governor of Bengal, Warren Hastings was made Governor General of the three Presidences, Bengal, Madras and Bombay. The Bengal Presidency gained control of Madras and Bombay presidencies.

The Governor General was the sole authority to direct, exercise control and supervise Madras and Bombay Presidencies.

Bombay and Madras Presidencies could not declare war on anyone or enter into peace agreements without the approval of the Governor General of Bengal Presidency.

Question 8.
What are the important features of the Indian Government act of 1858?
Answer:
THE IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1858:
1. The license of East India Company was canceled and India was brought under the direct administration of the Queen.

2. The post of Governor’ General was changed into Viceroy’. Lord Canning became .the first Viceroy of India.

3. A new post called ‘Secretary of State for India’ was created in the British government. The secretary was part of British cabinet and was responsible for the administration of India.

4. A Council of India was created in order to assist the secretary in the administration. The council had fifteen members.

Question 9.
How does the India Government Act of 1935 become the base of Indian Constitution?
Answer:
The Indian Government Act of 1935 acted as the base for the formation of Indian Constitution. Most of the provisions in the Indian constitution are based on this act. The Constitution of India adopted some important provision? from ACT 1935 with and without modifications.

INDIA GOVERNMENT ACT 1935

• All India Federation including all Provinces at that time under the Paramountcy of the British crown was established.
• The Governor General was to administer federal subjects with the assistance of council of minister. These ministers were to be chosen from the federal legislature and were responsible to it.
• The Government act 1935 introduced a responsible Government, both at the Centre and the province
• The Government act 1935 established Di-Archy at the Centre.
• Provinces were made autonomous in their respective subjects.
• Federal court was established
• Reserve bank of India was established.
• Seperation of power were made between the centre and provinces.

INDIAN CONSITUTION

• The same was the aim of our constitution.
• Our constitution provides the same mechanism under the president of India.
• Our Constitution also introduced a responsible government both at the center and state.
• Di-Archy in the centre was retained in the Indian Constitution.
• Indian state are also autonomous by the authority of our constitution.
• Supreme court was established, with the same powers and function of a federal court.
• It was retained under our constitution
• Our constitution also provides three lists, dividing power between centre and state Government.

Question 10.
What are the important features of 1919 act ?
Answer:
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF INDIAN COUNCILS ACT 1919 (MONTAGUE – CHELMSFORD REFORMATIVE ACT) :

• Act formulated Bi-Cameral Legislative body. Lower house and upper House were formed.
• Diarchy was allowed at regional governments.
• A high commissioner was appointed for India.
• Promised to improve local self government.
• Provincial budget was separated from central budget.
• ‘Separate Electoral College’ was extended for Muslims, Sikhs, Anglo- Indians and Europeans.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How were the British able to consolidate their political power in India?
Answer:
The British were able to consolidate their political power in India by exploiting the fractured political landscape of India wherein hundreds of ruling dynasties were competing with each other. They implemented ‘Divide and Rule’ policy among the Indian rulers and slowly dominated all the rulers and subjected them. They employed strategic ‘war’ and ‘negotiation ‘ methods to achieve complete domination of India.

Question 2.
Why did the British East India Company implement various administrative experiments?
Answer:
India was devoid of ‘One Nation Concept’ and was scattered into various kingdoms. The British integrated the whole of India under one administrative and political structure and implemented various administrative experiments in order to achieve‘a new order in India.

Question 3.
The’British under took various measures to stream line the administration of East India Company. Give reasons.
Answer:
The system of appointing .employees was. done by the East India Company and were also permitted to employ private workers to trade. This led to corruption among the company officials. Hence the British implemented the Regulating act of 1773 to enforce control and order.

Question 4.
What were the measures taken by Lord Cornwallis to improve Civil Services?
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis, opened Fort William College in Calcutta for the benefit of aspiring candidates to join Civil Services. He introduced competitive examination for appointments for civil services for the year 1853.

Question 5.
What is meant by ‘Dual – Governance’
Answer:
‘Dual – Governance’ means that the authority to collect land taxes, civil and Judiciary were given to Indian officials, whereas the British retained the authority to manage the revenue collected.

Question 6.
How did the ‘Military System’ of British India help the British to gave supreme power over India?
Answer:
The Military was the base of administration during the British rule. The British appointed the Indians for the military and took ‘entire India under their control with the help of the military. They protected their supremacy by addressing the challenges posed by outside as well as inside forces with the help of the military. The officers were again the British. The Indians could reach the rank of Subedar, the highest post available to them. Most of the Indians were Coolie Soldiers.

Question 7.
The British introduced new Land tax policies? Why?
Answer:
The East India Company had to pay four lakh Pounds to the British government for its control over Bengal Province. In order to fulfill this commitment, the Company had to stabilize its financial interests in a secure manner. Hence, it implemented many new land tax policies.

Question 8.
Who introduced the Ryotwari system and when?
Answer:
The Ryotwari system was introduced in Baramahal region by Alexandra Reed in 1792 and later in Madras and Mysore region by Thomas Monroe in 1802.

Question 9.
Mention the efforts of the British to facilitate the expansion of Modern education in India.
Answer:

• Warren Hastings started the “Calcutta Madarasa” in 1781.
• Jonathan Duncan, a British Citizen started ‘Sanskrit College’ in Banaras in 1792.
• Lord William Benedict appointed Sir Macaulay as the Chairperson of the committee on education in 1828.
• Macaulay’s report on Education submitted by him .in 1835 became the base of Modern Education in India.
• The English Medium of Instruction in India Learning system was started after’ 1830.
• Governor General Lord Dalhousie established Universities in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.

Question 10.
What was the main aim of the ‘Charter Acts’
Answer:
The main aim of the Charter acts was to renew the license of the East India Company. The Charter acts extended the trade license of East India Company for 20 years. Thus the Charter acts were implemented once in 20 years and new rules and regulations found fit by the British government was included in these charter Acts.

Question 11.
What is the’Policy of Assertion’
Answer:
The Indian councils act of 1861 is also called the ‘Policy of Assertion’. The Act enabled Indians to participate in Law making. This representation of Indians in the council of Viceroy was introduced to understand the aspirations of Indians

Question 12.
Which act of the British Government was used to ‘ Divide and Rule’ India? Why?
Answer:
The Indian Councils act of 1909 was used to “Divide and Rule’ India because this act provided a separate representation for Muslims arid a ‘Separate Electrol College’ was created.

Question 13.
What are the important features of the ‘Indian Government Act’ of 1935?
Answer:

• A federal system of Indian Principalities, British governed regions and dominion states was formed.
• Reserve Bank of India was established.
• Diarchy was established at the centre.
• Diarchy was canceled at the regional level and autonomy was granted.
• The Federal Court was established.

Multiple Choice Questions and Answer

Question 1.
The administration of Civil Services is associated with ___________ .
a. Warren Hastings
b. Lord Dalhousie
c. Lord Cornwallis
d. William Benetick
Answer:
c. Lord Cornwallis

Question 2.
Warren Hasting took over the administration as Governor in
a. 1773
b. 1772
c. 1800
d. 1853
Answer:
b. 1772

Question 3.
The Civil court were know as
a. Fouzadaari Aadalats
b. Dewani Aadalts
c. Chowkidari Aadalats
d. Magistrate Courts
Answer:
b. Dewani Aadalats

Question 4.
The Fouzadaari Aadalats were . under the control of British.
a. European Officers
b. Magistrates
b. Kotwals
d. Qajis
Answer:
d. Qajis

Question 5.
The system of appointing British Magistrates started in
a. 1861
b. 1902
c. 1781
d. 1770
Answer:
c. 1781

Question 6.
Under the New police system the incharge of a ‘station’ was
a. Superintendents of Police
b. Kotwal
b. Chowkidar
d. British Magistrate
Answer:
c. Chowkidar

Question 7.
The ‘Permanent Zamindar system ’ was introduced by
a. Warren Hastings
b. Dalhousie
c. William Benetick
d. Lord Cornwallis.
Answer:
d. Lord Cornwallis

Question 8.
The comment that ‘The Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt due to the land policies of the British’ is associated with
a. R M Bird
b. Charles Metcalf
c. Jamesh Thomson
d. Alexander Reed
Answer:
b. Charles Metcalf

Question 9.
‘Mahal’ means
a. Taluks
b. Districts
c. Villages
d. Places
Answer:
a. Taluks

Question 10.
Which Land Tax system recognized the tiller as the owner of the hand
a. Ryotwari system
b. Zamindari system
c. Mahalwari System
d. Judicial system
Answer:
a. Ryotwari system.

10th Class Social Science Question Answer