Social and Religious Reformation Movements 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ Social reformation is an attempt to reform a society that practices discrimination among its members.
→ The Nineteenth-century is considered as the reformation and new awakening period in the history of India.
→ The British put forth the theory of ‘White Man’s Burden’ and believed that it is their duty to civilize Indian society.
→ The identity of ‘Indian’ was born when Indian people started to understand Indian tradition.
→ Social reform Movements during the British era addressed issues such as caste system, Denial of education to shudras and other communities, gender discrimination, sati system, widow remarriage restriction etc.
→ Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1772¬1833) is the Pioneer of Indian Social movement’ in the Ninteenth century.
→ Ram Mohan Roy started ‘Athmiya Sabha’ in Calcutta and also “Brahmo Samaj’is 1828 to remove caste system and religions superstitions.
→ Ram Mohan Roy was instrumental in getting a law implemented to prohibit ‘Sati system’ in 1829.
→ Ram Mohan Roy published a Journal ‘Samvada Komudhi’ in Bengali, to develop rationality among Indians.
→ Raja Ram Mohan Roy is the harbinger of modern India, progenitor of Indian Social Reformation Movement and the Prophet of Indian Nationalism.
-RABINDRANATH TAGORE.
→ Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831) started a movement “young Bengal Movement”
→ Henry Vivian started ‘Academic Association’ in 1828, a progressive thinking debate association in Bengal.
→ Dayananda Saraswathi started ‘Arya Samaj’ in 1857 in Kathewad.
→ Dayananda Saraswathi published his ideas in a book titled ‘Sathyaratha Prakasha’.
→ The ‘Dayananda Anglo- Vedic College’ was established in 1886.
→ Dayananda Saraswathi started ‘Shuddi Movement’ to integrate Hindu Society.
→ Dr. Athma Ram Panduranga started the ‘Prarthana Samaja’ at Bombay in 1867, with aim of solving problems faced by women and lower castes and rehabilitating of poor people.
→ Mahatma Jyothibha Phule established ‘Satya Shodak Samaj’ in 1873 to provide equal rights to Nori-Brahmin’s.
→ Pule wrote ‘Gulamagiri’ and ‘Shetkarayacha Aasud’ (Cultivator’s whip Cord).
→ Savithri Bhai Pule worked along with her husband Jyothibha Phule and established hostels of girls.
→ Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established ‘Mohammadean Liberty Society’ in 1863 and founded ‘Mohammadan Anglo- Oriental College’ at Aligarh in 1857, which is now know as ‘Aligarh Muslim University.
→ The Movement started by Sir Syed Ahmad came to be known as ‘Aligarh Movement’
→ Swami Vivekananda founded ‘Rama Krishna Mission’ at Belur, near Calcutta in 1897 and ‘Ramakrishna Mutt’ near Almora (Uttaranchal).
→ Swami Vivekananda attended the ‘World Religious Congresslield in Chicago (USA) in 1893 and highlighted the cultural richness of India in his speech.
→ Madam Blavatsky and Colonol HS Olcott established Theosophical Society’ at Madras in 1886.
→ An Irish Lady, Annie Besant, an active member of the Theosophical Society’ translated the ‘Bagvath Geetha’ to English and came to be know as “SHWETHA SARASWATHI”.
→ Annie Besant started ‘Central Hindu Benaras College’ in 1898, and started two Periodicals “New India” and “Common Wealth”.
→ Annie Besant started ‘Home Rule League in 1916 and initiated ‘Home Rule Movement’ in Madras.
→ Annie Besant became the first women President of Indian National Congress.
→ Sri Narayana Guru started ‘Elavu’ movement in 1903 and the ‘Dharma Paripalana Yogam’ movement and ‘Viakom Movement’ a temple entry ‘ movement.
→ The ‘Justice Party’ started in 1916
→ E V Ramaswami Naicker popularly known as “Periyar” started the ‘Self Respect League’ in 1926 and an association called ‘Dravida Kalagam’.
→ REFORMATION: The Process of reforming
→ WHITE WIAN’S BURDEN: The British believed that it was their duty to civilize Indians.
→ SHUDRAS: The fourth and last division of the Varna system of Hinduism
→ HEBREW: Ancient language of Israel
→ PURGE: To get rid of unwanted or undesirable things.
→ RATIONALITY: Having the capacity to reason, things sensibly and logically.
→ MONOTHEISM: Belief in only one God.
→ HARBINGER: A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of something
→ PROGENITOR: A person who originates a cultural or intellectual movement
→ INSTIL: Gradually establish an idea or attitude in one’s mind.
→ SUPERSTITION: Irrational beliefs
→ DISCRIMINATION: Unfair treatment of different categories of people on the ground of race, caste etc.
→ AUTHENTIC: Genuine.
→ 19th CENTURY: The era of social and religious reformation movements.
→ 1772: Birth of Raja Ram Mohan Roy
→ 1809: Birth of Henry Louis Vivan Drizzle
→ 1817: Birth of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
→ 1824: Birth of Swami Dayananda Saraswathi
b)Derozio started ‘Academic Association’
→ 1831: Death of Derizio 1833: Death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy
→ 1834: Birth of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
→ 1847: Birth of Annie Besant in London.
→ 1828: a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the “Brahma Samaj’
→ 1854: Birth of Sri Narayana Guru 1863:
a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan established ‘Mohammandan Liberty Society’
b) Birth of Swami Vivekananda
→ 1867: Dr Atma Ram Pandurang started “Prarthana Samaj’ at Bombay.
→ 1873: Jyothiba Pule established ‘Satya Shodak Samaj’
→ 1875: a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan started ‘Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College’ in Aligarh
b) Swami Dayananda started Arya samaj’
→ 1877: The head office of ‘Arya Samaj’ was opened in Lahore
→ 1886: a) Establishment of ‘Dayananda Anglo- Vedic College’
b) Death of Sri Rama Krishna Paramahamsa
c) Madam Blavatsky and Colonel HS Olcott founded the Theosophical Society’
→ 1889: Annie Besant became the active member of Theosophical society.
→ 1893: a)Annie Besant arrived in India
b) Swami Vivekananda delivered a resounding speech at the ‘World Religious Congress’about the cultural richness of India
→ 1897: Swami Vivekananda founded ‘Ramakrishna Mission’ at Belur, Calcutta.
→ 1895: Annie Besant started ‘Central Hinu Benaras College’
→ 1902: Death of Swami Vivekananda
→ 1903: ‘ELAVU’ movement by Narayana Guru, in Kerala
→ 1916: a) Madan Mohan Malaviya converted ‘Central Hindu Benaras College’, started by Annie Besant into “Benaras Hidnu University’
b) Annie Besant started ‘Home Rule. league’ and initiated ‘Home Rule Movement’ in Madras.
c) Formation of ‘Justice Party’ by Periyar.
→ 1925: Periyar resigned from Indian National Congress
→ 1926: Periyar started ‘Self Respect League’
→ 1939: a) Periyar became President of Justice party
b) Periyar started an Association called ‘Dravida Kalagam’
c) Periyar started a periodical ‘Justice’.