Ancient Civilization of India 8th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ The ancient sites of Harappa were discovered by the engineers when the railway lines were being laid 150 years ago in the Sindhu valley region of Punjab.
→ The Harappa people depended on agriculture and trade.
→ Wheat, barley, pulses and mustard were their main crops.
→ Harappa people domesticated animals like bull, cow, sheep, goat, dog and hen etc, Vedas were complied by Aryans.
→ Vedas are mainly a compilation of nature, warfare, yoga and process of yogas, black magic and other knowledge.
→ Upanishads are the reflective discorses on philosophy.
→ Upanishads are the evidence of intellectual maturity of’ Indians during Veda period.
→ Rig Veda is the first among all the Vedas.
→ Rig Veda has 1028 sukthis.
→ The patriarchal family was the main social unit.
→ In Rig Veda, the cultivable land is called as kshetra and cultivation of land is called as krushi.
→ Yagnas were the centre of religions practices.
→ The priest who conducted the yagna was called as ‘Hothar’.
→ ‘Sanaa Veda’ has taken much of the content from Rig Veda.
→ Atharva Veda is similar to Rig Veda its size and content.
→ The 4 division in the form of brahamana, Kshatriya, vyshya, and shudras become strong.
→ Shudras were kept at the lowest position in the social hierarchy.
→ There was no child marriage, the widow’s could remarry.
→ In Upanishads, new concepts like ‘karma’ and ‘rebirths’ were created.