Advent of Europeans to India Class 10 Questions and Answers KSEEB 10th Social Science
I. Complete the following blanks with suitable answers:
Question 1.
In 1453, the Ottoman Turks occupied ____________ city.
Answer:
Constantinople
Question 2.
The sea route between India and Europe was discovered by ____________ .
Answer:
Vasco-da-Gama
Question 3.
The capital of French in India was ____________ .
Answer:
Pondicherry
Question 4.
In 1757, Robert Clive declared ____________ war over Sirajud-Daula.
Answer:
The Plassey
Question 5.
The Dewani rights over Bengal were handed over to British by ____________ .
Answer:
Sha-Alam-II
Question 6.
The dual government policy was implemented by ____________ in Bengal.
Answer:
Robert Clive,
II. Discuss in groups and answer the following:
Question 1.
How did trade take place between India and Europe during middle ages?
Answer:
- There was great demand for Indian spices like Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger, and many other spices in Europe.
- Arab merchants carried Asian Merchandise into Constantinople of Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)
- Italian merchants would buy these goods and then sell in European countries.
Question 2.
Discuss the reasons that resulted ih the discovery of new sea route to India.
Answer:
The reasons that resulted in the discovery of new sea route to India are as follows:
The city of Constantinople was the centre of international business. The Ottoman Truks captured Constantinople in 1453, and the trade route through Constantinople came under their control. The Turks levied many taxes on goods passing through Constantinople. Hence, the merchants felt that the trade was not profitable.
In order to break the monopoly of trade by the Ottoman Turks, Spain and Portugal encouraged daring sailors to discover a sea route to India.
Moreover the invention of Compass, Astrolabes and Gunpowder encouraged the sailors and aided them in the search for a new sea route to India.
Eventually, Vasco-da-Gama; a Portuguese sailor, was the first to discover a sea-route to India through the Cape of Good Hope after landing in Kappadu near Calicut, on the East coast of Kerala, India in 1498.
Question 3.
Make a list of the Europeans who arrived in India to do business.
Answer:
The list of Europeans who arrived in India for business are :
- Portuguese
- English
- Dutch
- French
Question 4.
Explain the Second Carnatic War.
Answer:
Causes: In 1.748 the Nizam of Hyderabad Asaf Jah I died and a civil war of succession broke out among his relatives. Asaf Jah’s son and his daughters son Mujaffar Jung both contested the throne.
Mean while Chandasaheb, the dethroned Nawab of Carnatic, was released from the Maratha prison. A fight broke out between Chandasaheb and Anwarruddin the Nawab of Carnatic in Carnatic. The French supported Mujaffar Jung in Hyderabad and Chandasahib in Carnatic. The English supported Nasir Jung and Anwaruddin.
WARS: In 1749, the combined army of the French, Chandasaheb and Mujaffar Jung defeated Anwaruddin and killed him in the Battle of Ambur, Chandasaheb took over the throne of Carnatic.
Mohammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin stayed at Thiruchanappli, with the help of the British.
Meanwhile in Hyderabad, Mujaffar Jung killed Nasir Jung and ascended the throne of Hyderabad; with help of the French and Chandasaheb. But he was murdered in a few days.
The French helped Salabath Jung, another son of AsafJha to become the Nizam of Hyderabad and appointed an officer named Bussi, to protect him.
Robert Clive of the East India Company attacked Arcot, the capital of Carnatic arid killed Chandasaheb. The English made Mohammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin as the Nawab of Carnatic.
RESULT:
- The second Carnatic war ended with the “Treaty of Pondicherry”
- The English reigned supreme and the French suffered a political setback.
- The French recalled Dupleix.
Question 5.
State the reasons and results of Plassey war.
Answer:
BATTLE OF PLASSEY (1757)
CAUSES (REASONS)
The British had slowly gained political control over South India and tried to control Bengal province in the later part of 18th C.
The Dastakths ((Licences) issued by the Mughal ruler of Bengal, Faruk Shiara helped the English East India Company to make huge profits.
The Dastakths were misued by the individual officers of East India Company which resulted in huge loss to the Bengal Government.
Nawabs Murashid Ali Khan and Ali Wardhikhan opposed such misuses, which led to confrontation between them and the company
Meanwhile, Aliwardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal died in 1756 and his grandson Siraj-ud-daula ascended the throne. The Battle of Plassey took place between Siraj-ud- Daula and the British Because of:
Reasons:
1. Misuse of Dastakaths: Siraj-ud- Daula was furious that the Dastakaths were misused by the officials of the company incurring losses to the government treasury.
2. Mending of the fort without permission : The British repaired the fort of Calcutta and placed canons in them. This further angered Siraj-ud-Daula and he ordered the removal of canons from the court. The British refused to do this angering the Nawab further.
3. Black Room Tragedy: Siraj-ud- Daula conquered the Fort Willaim easily and imprisoned some of the British. He imprisoned 146 Englishmen in a small room in the fort, of which 123 died. This is called as the Black Room Tragedy. This enraged Robert Clive and he arrived in Bengal with a large army.
Question 6.
What were the results of Battle of Buxar?
The results of Battle of Buxar are as follows :
Answer:
- Sha Aalam-II accorded the Dewani rights over Bengal to the British.
- Sha Aalam-II gaye away all the rights over Bengal to the British for an annual fee of rupees 26 lakhs.
- The Nawab of Awadh had to give away a fine of rupees 50 lakh for waging a war against the company.}
- With the death of Mir Jaffar, the company paid pension to his son and took over the entire administration of Bengal.
Additional Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Which ancient city was considered as ‘Gate of European Trade’
Answer:
Constantinople
Question 2.
Who discovered a new sea route to India and when?
Answer:
Vasco-da-Gama in 1498
Question 3.
When was the Suez Canal built?
Answer:
In the year 1869.
Question 4.
What is the distance between India and Europe through the Suez canal?
Answer:
6,200 nautical miles
Question 5.
Who is considered as the real founder of Portuguese empire in India.
Answer:
Alfonso de Albuquerque
Question 6.
When did the English East India company, start business in India.
Answer:
In the year 1913
Question 7.
The Carnatic war helped the British to consolidate their rule in India. Justify.
Answer:
- During the First Carnatic war (1746-48) the French under Dupleix attacked Madras but were defeated by the British.
- In the Carnatic War, the English under Sir Eyre Coote defeated the French army led by Comte de Lally in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
- Lally escaped but, when he attacked Pondicherry, he was defeated and surrendered unconditionally in 1761. The French lost all their bases India.
- The Second Carnatic War ended with the defeat of the combined forces of Nawab of Arcot and the French. The English gained Supremacy and political control over South India
Question 8.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
- This war brought out. the immorality, lack of unity among the Indians and the greed of Indian businessmen.
- Mir Jaffar became the Nawab of Bengal.
- The Company gained exclusive rights to do business in Bengal.
- Mir Jaffar had to a pay rupees seventeen crores and seventy lakh as a relief to Sirja-ud-Dulah’s attack on the Fort William.
Question 9.
Write a note oh Robert Clive.
Answer:
Robert Clive: laid the firm foundation of the British Power in India, had joined the East India Company as clerk, He played a decisive role in Carnatic wars, particularly in the siege of Arcot and played a prominent role in the British victory.
He was successful in establishing the rule over South India aijd was instrumental in Bengal victory also. After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, he gained control over the Nawab of Bengal also. Clive amassed immense wealth in all these ventures and helped the East India Company to earn more profit. Clive returned to England with immense wealth and became the Member of Parliament. With the return of Clive to England, the East India Company started facing losses in its business. Even though, there were many allegations against Clive, the British government had to resend Clive to India to save the company and also save the face of the country.
Question 10.
How did the death of Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jha lead to political instability in Carnatic.
Answer:
The Nizam of Hyderabad, AsafJha died in 1748. A tussle started between his son Nasir Jung and his daughter’s son Mujaffar Jung for the throne. On the other hand, a fight had broken out between Chandasaheb (who was released from the Maratha prison) and Anwaruddin in Carnatic. French extended their support of Mujaffar Jung in Hyderbad and Chandasaheb in Cranatic. The English extended their support to Nasir Jung and Anwaurddin.
In 1749, the combined forces of French, Chandasaheb and Mujaffar Jung defeated Anwaurddin and killed him in Ambur battle. As a result Chandsaheb became the ruler of Carnatic. Mahammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin, stayed at Thiruchanapalli with the help of English. In Hyderabad, Mujaffar Jung became the Nizam by killing Nasir Jung with the help of French and Chandasaheb, He got killed after a few days. The French made Salabath Jung, another son of Asaf Jha as the Nizam of Hyderbad.
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
Question 1.
When did Vasco-da-gama revisit India?
(a) 1501
(b) 1502
(c) 1503
(d) 1504
Answer:
(b) 1502
Question 2.
The First Portuguese Governer of India was
(a) Albuquerque
(b) Duplex
(c) Lally
(d) Almedia
Answer:
(d) Almedia
Question 3.
The Dutch United East India Company was establish in
(a) 1601
(b) 1602
(c) 1603
(d) 1604
Answer:
(b) 1602
Question 4.
The British ambassador Sir Thomas Roe arrived in India to seek permission to trade in India, visited the court of
(a) Emperior Jahangir
(b) Emperior Shajehan
(c) Krishna Devaraya
(d) Nizam of Hyderabad
Answer:
a) Emperior Jahangir
Question 5.
The Third carnatic war ended with the
(a) Treaty of Pondicherry
(b) Treaty of Madras
(c) Treaty of Paris
(d) Treaty of Aix-la-chapelle
Answer:
(c) Treaty of Paris
Question 6.
The Nawab of Bengal who fought in the Battle of Plassey was.
(a) Mir Jaffar
(b) Mir Kasim
(c) Asaf Jha
(d) Siraj-ud-daula
Answer:
(d) Siraj-ud-daula
Question 7.
The ‘Dual-Government’ policy was introduced by
(a) Hector Munroe
(b) Hawkine
(c) Sir Thomas Roe
(d) Robert Clive
Answer:
(d) Robert Clive