Era of Gandhi and National Movement 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ The period between 1928 and 1947 is called the ‘Gandhian Era’.
→ Mohandas Karamachand Gandhi – (Bapu) was born on 2nd October, 1869 in Porbandar, Kathiawar district, Gujarath.
→ Gandhiji went to England in 1888 to study law.
→ While in South Africa, Gandhiji invented a new tool called ‘Sathyagraha’ to protest against the South African ‘Apartheid Policy’.
→ Gandhiji returned to India in 1915.
→ On the advice of ‘Gopala Krishan Gokale’ Gandhiji toured entire India in a third class railway
compartment to understand real India.
→ Gandhiji established ‘Sabarmathi Ashram’ at Ahmadabad in 1916.
→ Gandhiji launched the ‘Champaran Movement’ in support of Indigo’ growers and compelled the British to accept the farmer’s demands.
→ Gandhiji launched ‘The Mill Workers’ Movement in support of the Mill workers of Ahmadabad in 1916.
→ Gandhiji launched a protest movement in Medha village of Gujarath to oppose land taxes in 1918.
→ The Indian Freedom Struggles took the path of ‘Passive Resistance’, ‘Non-violence’ and ‘Sathyagraha’, after Gandhiji’s arrival in India.
→ Gandhiji expressed his thoughts and ideas in the periodicals ‘Harijan’ and ‘Young India.’
→ ‘Sathyagraha’was one of the major methods of protests of Gandhiji. Ahimsa was the basic task of Gandhijis struggle.
→ Gandhiji championed the Unity of Hindu’s and Muslims.
→ The ‘British implemented the Rowlatt Act in 1919.
→ The ‘Jallianwala Bagh Massacre’ happened on April 13, 1919.
→ The ‘Khilafat Movement’ was launched in 1919 to support the ‘Caliph’ of Turkey in 1919.
→ A special national convention was held in Calcutta on September 4th, 1920 aimed to passing the ‘Non Co-operation Movement’.
→ As a result the “Non Co-operation Movement’ became People’s Movement.
→ The ‘Chauri Chaura Incident’ occurred on February 5, 1922.
→ Gandhiji withdrew the ‘Non Co¬operation Movement’ on March 10, 1922 as a result of the violence and killings in the ‘Chauri Chaura’ incident.
→ Motilal Nehru, formed the ‘Swaraj Party’ in 1923.
→ The British Government appointed ‘Simon Commission’ in 1927, to study the effects of ‘Motagu- chelmsford Act’.
→ The ‘Simon Commission’ arrived in India on February 3, 1928.
→ Bundhs and Hartals were organised in protest against the ‘Simon Commission’ in Bombay, Lahore and Madras with Slogans ‘Simon go back’.
→ Laala Lajpath Roy died in the ‘Simon go back’ protest, when the protestors were lathicharged.
→ In the ‘Lahore Congress Convention’ under the Chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, INC adopted a resolution demanding total independence or ‘Poorna Swaraj’ on January 26th, 1930.
→ The constitution of India was adopted on January 26, 1950, to mark the historical importance of the Lahore Session of Congress.
→ Gandhiji launched the ‘Dandi March’ on March 12, 1930 from Sabarmathi Ashram to Dandi, on the Gujrath Coast to protest against the British Salt tax.
→ The ‘National Movement Week’ was observed from April 6th to 13th 1930.
→ Mylara Mahadevappa, a young man of eighteen years from Karnataka participated in the ‘Dandi March’.
→ Karnataka congress also organised ‘Salt Movement’ at Ankola of Karawar district.
→ The ‘First Round Table Conference of Indian Legislative representatives’ was held in London in 1930.
→ The ‘Gandhi Irwin Pact’was signed in 1930 and Gandhiji stopped the ‘Civil Disobedient Movement’.
→ The ‘Second Round Table Conferene’was held in 1932 under the leadership of B.R.Ambedkar.
→ The British Government implemented the ‘Communal Award’in 1932, to provide separate electorate for untouchables.
→ Gandhiji started ‘Fasting upto Death’ opposing the ‘Communal Award’ in 1932.
→ The ‘Poona Pact’ stated that few constituencies were reserved for untouchables among general constituencies.
→ The Congress did not participate in the Third Round Table Conference opposing the formation of federal Government at the Center and States.
→ The British implemented the ‘Government of India Act’ 1935, which provided for Federal Government at the Center and regional autonomy at State level.
→ The ‘Straford Cripps Commission’ suggestions which proposed dominion states to India was opposed by the Congress.
→ The Congress called for ‘Quit India Movement’, in 1942 to protest the proposals of ‘Cripps Commission’.
→ In 1942 a village named ‘Essor’ to Shimoga district, Karnataka, changed the name to ‘Swathantra Halli’ meaning ‘Independent Village’. They started wearing ‘Gandhi Caps’.
→ The “Workers Revoit’ started in 1827.
→ Subhas Chandra Bose was the president of Haripur Convention of the Indian National Congress in 1935.
→ Rash Behari Bose started “Indian Independece League’ in Tokyo, Japan.
→ Subhash Chandra Bose started the “Indian National Army’.
→ ‘Political freedom without social freedom is Meaningless’ – Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
→ Dr.Ambedkar founded “BahiShkrat Hitakarini Sabha’ and ‘Swatantra Karmika Party’.
→ Dr.Ambedkar published periodicals “Prabudha Bharatha’, ‘Janatha’, ‘Mookanayaka’ and “Bahishkruth Bharatha’.
→ Dr.Ambedkar was the chairman of the ‘Drafting Commission’ of the Indian Constitution.
→ Pt.Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose formed ‘Socialist Congress Party’in 1934.
→ Pt. Nehru was the President of 49th Session of Indian National Congress.
→ Muhammed Ali Jinnah was the private secretary of Dadabhai Navaroji.
→ The bill of Indian Independence was enacted on July 1947.
→ India and Pakistan were born on 15th August 1947.
→ Radeliff Brown Commission marked the boundaries between India and Pakistan.
→ Pt. Nehru became the first Prime minister of Independent India in 1947.
→ KILAFATH MOVEMENT: Muhammad Ali and Shankath Ali, two brothers, started the ‘Kilafath Movement’ to support the ‘Caliph’ of Turkey against British harassment.
→ ACT (1919) JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE: (April 13, 1919)
→ CALIPH: The religions leader of Turkey.
→ SIMON COMMISSION: The British Government appointed ‘Simon Commission’ in 1927 to study the effects of Indian Government Act 1919 (Montagu- Cheimsford Act)
→ SIMON GO BACK : Protests with Slogans ‘Simon go back’ were organised in many places in India against the ‘Simon Commission.’ DANDI SALT SATHYAGRAHA: The protest March held under the leadership of Gandhiji from Sabaramathi Ashram to the coast of Gujarath – Dandhi, to protest against the salt tax imposed on Indians.
→ MAHAD MOVEMENT: A movement aimed at enabling the untouchables to use the water of the tank in the village of Mahad, Maharastra.
→ 1869: (2nd October) Birth of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
→ 1888: Gandhiji went to England for Law Education
→ 1906: Mohammad Ali Jinnah Joins INC.
→ 1916: Gandhiji established ‘Sabarmathi Ashram’ at Ahmadabad in 1916
→ 1917: Gandhiji launched ‘Champaran Movement’
→ 1918: Gandhiji started ‘Mill Workers’ Movement in Ahmedabad
→ 1919: a) 13th April): Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre
b) The ‘Khilafath Movement’ was started by Mohammada Ali and Shaukath Ali.
→ 1920: (14th September): The Special National convention of INC, at Calcutta, resolved to launch Non-co-operation Movement.
→ 1921: INC opposes the visit of ‘Prince of Wales’ to India.
→ 1922: A) (5th Feb), Chauri Chaura incident
B) Gandhiji Withdrew Non-Co¬operation Movement
C) The British arrest Gandhiji for the violence in Chauri Chaura incident and imprisons him for six years.
→ 1923: A) Formation of ‘Swaraj Parly’ by Mothilal Nehru and C.R. Das
B) National Convention of INC at Delhi
→ 1927: British appoint ‘Simon Commission’ to study the effect of India Government Act of 1919.
→ 1928: (3rd Feb): Simon Commission arrives in India, but greeted with Black flags and slogans ‘Simon Go Back’.
→ 1930: (A) (26th Jan) Pt. Nehru resolves to demand ‘Pooma Swaraj’ at the Lahore Congress Convention.
(B) (12th May): Gandhiji Starts ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’ and ‘Dandi March’
(C) First Round Table conference held in London.
→ 1932: British implement ‘Communal Award’. (Separate electoral Constituencies for Untouchables.
→ 1935: A) Pt. Nehru and Subash Bose founded Socialist Congress Party.
B) Third Round Table conference fails as congress refused to participate