Era of Gandhi and National Movement Questions and Answers KSEEB Class 10 Social Science

Era of Gandhi and National Movement Class 10 Questions and Answers KSEEB 10th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:

Question 1.
Gandhiji was born on _____________
Answer:
2nd October, 1869 in Porbondar, Gujarath

Question 2.
Jallianwala Bhag massacre took place while protesting against _____________ act.
Answer:
Ronlatt

Question 3.
The movement led by Ali brother was _____________
Answer:
Khilafath Movement

Question 4.
A separate nation for Muslims was put forward by _____________
Answer:
Mohammad Ali Jinah

Question 5.
The President of Indian National Congress session of 1929 was _____________
Answer:
Pt. Nehru

Question 6.
Mahad and Kalaram movement was formed by _____________
Answer:
Dr. Ambedkar

Question 7.
The leadership of Indian National Army’s Jhansi regiment was held by _____________
Answer:
Captain Lakshmi Sengal

Question 8.
Gandhiji held Salt Sathyagrah in _____________
Answer:
March 12, 1930

Question 9.
Quit India movement took place in _____________
Answer:
1942

II. Please chose the appropriate words from the options given below and fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
First Round Table Conference was held in
(a) 1930
(b) 1932
(c) 1931
(d) 1942
Answer:
(a) 1930

Question 2.
Swaraj Party was founded in the year
(a) 1924
(b) 1922
(c) 1929
(d) 1906
Answer:
(b) 1922

Question 3.
The president of Haripur session of Indian National Congress was
(a) Sardar Vallabhabai Patel
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Lai Lajapath Roy
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose
Answer:
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose

Question 4.
____________ is known as the Iron Man of India.
(a) Bhagath Singh
(b) Chandrashekar Azad
(c) Abdul Kalam Azad
(d) Sardar Vallabhabai Patel
Answer:
(d) Sardar Vallabhabai Patel

III. Discuss it in group and answer the following :

Question 1.
What were the internal tools of Gandhiji’s Struggles?
Answer:
The Internal tools of Gandhiji’s struggles were Passive Resistance’, ‘Non-violence’, ‘Sathyagraha’ and ‘Ahimsa’.

Question 2.
List out the programmes of Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:

• Boycotting schools, colleges and courts.
• Boycotting elections to regional legislative bodies held according of 1919 Act.
• Returning all the honours and medals given by the British.
• Nominated members to the local bodies resigning from their membership.
• Boycotting all the government functions.
• Boycotting all foreign goods.

Question 3.
Why was the division of Bengal withdrawn?
Answer:
The ‘Radical Group of Indian National Congress’ called for boycotting of foreign goods and institutions, that encourage it. They encouraged all Indians to use local goods, the British Government withdraw the division of Bengal in 1911.

Question 4.
Explain Chouri Chaura incident.
Answer:
Chauri Chaura Incident:
On February, 5 1922 a big group of around 3000 farmers assembled in front of the police station. They had assembled there to protest against the police officer who had betaen Congress workers when they were protesting in front of an arrack shop. The police started shooting from inside the station. Enraged by this act, people torched the police station.

As a result all the twenty two policemen were charred to death. Such violent incidents were repeated in other places too. Gandhi realized that this due to lack of preparation and morality among the people to hold non-violent protests. Hence, he withdrew the Non-cooperation movement on February 12, 1922. The British holding Gandhiji responbile for all the violent uprisings, airrested him on March 10,1922 and imprisoned him for six years. He was released two years later on the grounds of ill health. The decision of Gandhi led to a political vacuum.

Question 5.
Discuss Salt Sathyagraha.
Answer:
In 1930,’the working committee of the congress met at Sabarmathi Ashram and passed resolution to hold Civil Disobedience under the leadership of Gandhiji. Gandhi wrote a letter to the Viceroy demanding eleven points. In case, the government does not accept this demand, the people would reject the paying tax and also start Civil disobedience movement all over India.

As the Viceroy rejected the letter, declared on March 12, 1930 that he would walk with followers upto Dandi, the coastal area of Gujarath. Gandhi covered 375 kms on foot and reached Dandi. He broke the law by holding a fistful salt without paying the tax which the British had levied on salt. Charaka, the Spinning Wheel became more famous during this march. Thousands of people participated in the Salt Sathyagraha. After this, National Movement Week was observed from April 6th to 13th.

Many leaders like Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Kamala Nehru, Vallabhabai Patel, Rajagopalachari, Babu Rajendra Prasad and many other leaders who had participated with Gandhi in Dandi March were arrested. Slowly, the movement spread to other parts of the country as well.

Question 6.
What were the reasons for Quit India Movement?
Answer:
Reasons for ‘Quit India Movement’
1. The British Government implemented ‘Communal Award’ in 1932, to provide separate electoral, constitutions for the untouchables.

2. By the ‘Poona Pact’, Dr.Ambedkar agreed for a few constituencies reserved for untouchables among general constituencies.

3. The Viceroy of British Indian unilaterally declared India’s war against Germany in the ongoing World War II Indian leaders opposed this unilateral decision.

4. The ‘Stratford Cripps Commission’ proposed dominion status to India and that all states of India will have the liberty to be part of the new federation or not. The congress opposed this proposals and called for ‘Quit India Movement’.

Question 7.
Write the names of important Radicals who took part in Indian National Movement.
Answer:
The ‘Radicals’ who took part in Indian National Movement were Aurobindo Gosh, Bipin Chandrapal, Lala Lajpath Roy, Bala Gangadhar Tilak, Subhas Chandra Bose, Captain Lakshmi Senagal, Rash Behari Bose and Uddam Singh.

Question 8.
What was the outcome of Second Round Table conference?
Answer:

• In the Second Round Table Conference, Ambedkar demanded for a separate electrol constituency for untouchables
• Gandhiji opposed the demand.
• The British Government announced its decision to provide separate electrol constituencies for untouchables and implemented the ‘Command Award’ in 1932.
• Mahatma Gandhiji opposed the ‘Communal Award’ and started ‘Fast Unto Death’.
• The Poona Pact’ was entered and a few constituencies were reserved for untouchables among general constituencies where the untouchable of elected became the representative of all.

Question 9.
Explain the achievements of Subhas Chandra Bose in independence movement.
Answer:

• Subhas Chandra Bose played a decisive role in the Indian National Freedom Struggle.
• He secured 4th rank in Indian Civil service exam but refused posting and plunged into the Indian Freedorp Struggle.
• He became famous as ‘Netaji’.
• Netaji toured Vienna, Berlin, Rome, Istanbal and other cities of the world to convince the Indians settled there in favour of freedom struggle.
• In 1934, Subhas Bose and Pt. Nehru established ‘Congress Socialist Party’ within Indian National Congress.
• Subhas Bose was the President of INC, Haripour Convention
• In 1939 Subhas Bose was re-elected as president of INC, but resigned due to ideological difference with Gandhiji.
• Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from Congress and established ‘Forward Block’ which aimed at staying with congress but having progressive ideals.
• Subhas Bose opposed the participation of British-India in the Second World War, and was put under house arrest.
• Subhas Bose escaped from House arrest and went to Germany to mobilise anti-british forces to fight against the British.
• Hitler, the dictator of Germany extended his help to Bose.
• Subhas Bose broadcasted patriotic speeches over ‘Azad Hind Radio’
• The success of Japanese in the Second World War, made Subhas to seek their help to fight against the British.
• Subhas and Rash Behari Bose, founded the ‘India Independence League’in Tokyo of Japan.
• Subhas named the Military wing of India Independence League’ as Indian National Army’ and called for T)elhi Chalo’.
• He declared to all Indians ‘Give me your blood, I’ll get you Indian Independence.
• Sub has Bose planned to attack British-India through Rangoon, Burma.
• During a fierce battle between INA and British Army Subhas Bose died in an airplane crash.

Question 10.
Explain the various tribal revolts in the history of Independence struggle.
Answer:
The Tribal Revolts:
The tax and forest policies implemented during the British administration were the reasons for tribal revolts. Among them, revolts of Santala, Kola and Munda are important. Halagali Beda’s revolts of Karnataka is another notable revolt.

The revolt of Santala tribe is considered as an important revolt in India. The people of this tribe are present in the hilly areas of Bengal and Odisha states. With implementation of permanent Zamindari system, these people became landless. The land developed by them was taken over by the Zamindars. The Zamindars, Money lenders and the Company government became the exploiters of the Santhala tribe. Their peace loving nature and civilized manners were exploited by the government. The upset Santhalas met secretly and decided to loot the Zamindars and the money lenders.

The revolt was servere in Bhathpur, Barahath and Rajamahal areas. As a result, the tribal people killed their enemies. Frightened money lenders and Zamindars fled from these areas. Though, the revolt of Santhalas came to an end, it became an inspiration for many revolts in future. Similarly, Kola and Munda revolted against the Zamindars.

Question 11.
Explain the major acheivements of Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India.
Answer:
As the Prime Minister of India Pandit Nehru can be seen as the architect of Industraialization and modern India. Nehru became instrumental in the Integration of India which was achieved through the Home Minister of his cabinet, Vallabhabai Patel, the Iron Man of India’who was successful in brining all the princely states of India together. He also laid foundation for the diverse culture of India by implementing ‘language based reorganization of states’ policy. He had firmly believed that ‘only complete industrialization can bring development’.

He sought to develop India through ‘Five Year Plans’. He sought to develop infrastructure and heavy industries through these five year plans. With the aim of mastering atomic energy, he laid the foundation for that under the leadership of H.J. Baba. On the external affairs front, India wanted to stay away from both the powerful blocs of cold war period and advocated Non Aligned Movement. He was instrumental in staying away from power politics by adhering to panchasheela principles. He died in 1964.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Gandhiji intended to work in South Africa for only three months, but ended up living in South Africa for twenty long years. Why?
OR
Describe Gandhiji early years in South Africa.
Answer:
Gandhiji went to Natal in South Africa to represent Dada Abdulla and Company in 1893.
Though Gandhi intended to be at Natal only three months, he ended up living in South Africa for twenty long years. He opposed the Apartheid policy that discriminated between dark skinned and pale skinned people. He invested a new tool of protest called ‘Sathyagraha’ and formulated its dos and donts. Many South Africans take pride in declaring that “You sent us unformed Gandhi and We sent back the complete of Gandhi”.

Gandhi conceived the protest based on Sathyagraha and Non-Violence for the first time, He founded Natal Indian Congress. Gandhi published periodical Indian Opinion’ for the first time to express his views and formulated the opinion of people in order to intensify the struggle further he started ‘Passive Resistance Organization’. He started Tolstoy Fami’ and Phoenix Farm’ to train the people in Sathyagraha and non-violent peace struggles. Many people like Hermann Kallenbach, his wife Kasturba, Children lent their helping hand to Gandhiji.

Finally, feeling pressured by the agitations led by Gandhiji, the government of South Africa, withdrew all restrictions and prohibitions against Indians and Black people. Once, Gandhiji was traveling from Pretoria and Durban in first class railway compartment. He was thrown out of the compartment by a white officer. This made him to realize the hardships faced by Indians in the various places of South Africa. He himself has recorded that there were more hash discriminations in South Africa than in England. After leading a long struggle in South Africa, Gandhiji arrived back to India in 1915.

Question 2.
Write a note on ‘Jallianwala Bagh Massacre’.
Answer:
The ‘Jallianwala Bagh Massacre’ happened in Amritsar in 1919.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre :
The British implemented Rowlatt Act in 1919. Through this act, the British started controlling the nationalists. Under this act, they could arrest a man and declare him as an offender in a court of law. This snatched away rights of the people to assemble for a meeting, making associations and the free right of expression from the people. Gandhi formed an association called ‘Sathyagraha Sabha’ to oppose this. By utilizing numerous political methods like Huge public marches and meets along boycotts, the act was opposed.

The British government decided to suppress the agitations against Rowlatt Act. Gandhiji had called for one day nartal on April 6, 1919. Dr. Fakruddin and Dr, Sathyapal and various other leaders were arrested in Punjab. To protest these arrests, the people had assembled in Jallianwala Bagh on April 13, 1919 on the day of Baisaki festival. The military general of Amrithsar, General Dyer fired at the peacefully assembled the people and killed around 380 protestors.

Thousands were injured. This incident saddened people like Gandhiji and others. Military Rule was implemented in: Punjab after this mindless violence. This became the reason for the launch of Non-operation movement by Gandhi. Later, Udam Singh, a revolutionary killed General Dyer in England.

Question 3.
Write a short note on ‘Khilafath Movement’.
Answer:
Khilafath Movement:
The Sultans of Turkey were also the religious leaders of Turkey and were called as “Caliph”. During the World War I, the British harassed the ‘Caliph’ and this was widely protested by Muslims of the world. IN India, Mohammada Ali and Shaukatyh Ali, two brothers, started the Khilafath movement in support of Turkey in 1919.

Gandhi had believed that the British would only withdraw if the
Hindu and Muslims fight united. Hence, he extended his support to this movement. He wanted an active participation on the part of Muslims in the Congress. This was a movement wherein both Hindus and Muslims participated in a nationwide protests.

Question 4.
Write a note on the First Round Table Conference.
Answer:
The First Round Table Conference was a meeting of Indian Legislative representatives held at London in 1930.

This meeting conveyed the message that the Government alone cannot take measures and ignore the Indians. For the first time, representation was given to untouchable community at the conference. In order to facilitate the participation of leaders, the imprisoned leaders like Gandhi and many other Congress leaders were released from the prison.

Many and many other Congress leaders were released from the prison. Many leaders representing various communities and kingdoms participated in the meeting like Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, M.R. Jayakar, Tejbhadhur Sappu, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Srinivas Shastry and others. This conference approved Dominion status responsible government and religious in the First Round Table Conference it remained incomplete.

In order to make the round table conferences a success, a pact beteen Viceroy Irwin and Gandhiji was signed. It is generally called as ‘Gandhi Irwin Pact. As a result, the Congress stopped the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah participated in the conference.

Question 5.
Write about the role of Farmers and workers in the Indian Freedom Struggle.
Answer:
The protests organized by the farmers and the workers are equally important in the history of National Freedom Struggle. Some of these associations were influenced by the congress, and some were influenced by the Marxist ideologies. During the British administration many, farmers rebelled against the British planters and Zamindars. They opposed the Indigo cropping in Champaranya district. They protested against land tax. Gandhi convinced the British officers through his Sathyagraha to withdraw tax.

The Indian National Congress tried to organize the farmers as a part of National Freedom Struggle. Gandhiji’s influence was visible in activities in Champaranya, Khedha and other places where the farmers organized themselves and protested. Farmers of Tebhaga, Malabar and other places revolted against the British and Zamindars under the influence of the Congress. The issues the farmers found themselves intermingled with the problems focused on Non movements like Non-Cooperation movement.

Tax refusal and Quit India movements. Many of the protests were organized under the banner of Kisan Sabha which was influenced by leftist ideologies. These protests were often in favour of the congress and many times stood opposed to congress. In Telangana, farmers protested against the Zamindars and Nizam’s Razacks. The farmers of Bengal rose against the Zamindars. In Maharastra, farmers protested against low wages for them.

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The period between 1926 and 1947 is known as
(a) Age of moderates
(b) Era of radicals
(c) Gandhian Era
(d) Nehrurian Era
Answer:
(c) Gandhian Era

Question 2.
Gandhiji invented a new tool of protest called
(a) Revolution
(b) Passive Resistance
(c) Baadhs
(d) Sathyagraha
Answer:
D) Sathyagraha

Question 3.
In South Africa Gandhiji started an institution to train people to sathyagraha, which was it.
(a) Sabaramathi Ashram
(b) Talstoy Farm
(c) Jallian Wallah Bagh
(d) Chauri Chaura
Answer:
B) Tolstoy Farm

Question 4.
The programme started by the congress to uplift the downtrodden people of India was
(a) Tilak Swarajya Fund
(b) Sathyagraha Sabha
(c) Workers Union
(d) Forward Block
Answer:
(A) Tilak Swarajya Fund

Question 5.
The word ‘Sathyagraha’ means
(a) Fight for truth
(b) Passive resistance for truth
(c) Assertion of truth
(d) Non-violence
Answer:
(c) Assertion of truth

Question 6.
The Rowlatt Act was implemented by the British in
(a) 1919
(b) 1920
(c) 1921
(d) 1922
Answer:
(a) 1919

Question 7.
Who said ‘The earth can fulfill all the needs of men, but not their greed’
(a) Lokamanya Tilak
(b) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) Gandhiji
Answer:
(d) Gandhiji

10th Class Social Science Question Answer