Indian Forest Resources 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ Forests are large areas of land covered with trees and undergrowth.
→ Forests are natural resource of a country.
→ Forests are helpful to
- Preserve the physical features of the land.
- Check soil erosion
- Regulate the flow of rivers
- Prevent desertification
- Improve Soil fertility
- Make climate equable
- Maintain ecological balance
- Provide shelter to wildlife.
→ The types of forests depends on climate, soil and relief
→ Indian forests can be classified into 6 main types.
- The tropical evergreen forests
- The tropical deciduous forests
- Scrub forests and grass land.
- Desert vegetation.
- Mountain forests and
- Mangrove forests.
→ Tropical evergreen forests are found in regions of heavy annual rainfall exceeding 250 cm. eg: Assam, Western Ghats
→ Tropical deciduous forests are found in areas with annual rainfall of 100-200cm. Eg: Eastern slope of Western Ghats.
→ Scrub forests and grassland are found in areas having 60 to 100 cm of rainfall. Eg : East Rajasthan, Punjab
→ Desert vegetation are found in areas with annual rainfall of 10-50 cms. Eg. Thar Desert.
→ Mountain forests can be described as trees and plants which grow on the slopes of the Mountain. Eg: Himalayas, Nilgiri Hills
→ Mangrove forests are found in river deltas, wet marshy areas, along sea coasts washed by tides.
→ The ‘Sundari tree’ is extensively found in the Mangrove forests of Ganga delta. Hence this delta is known as ‘Sundarbas’
→ The total forests area of India was about 7.74 lakh km2 which is about 23.6% of the total geographical area of the country.
→ The National Forest Policy resolution of 1952 had recommended the forests area of India to be 33.3%
→ The prevention of destruction over-exploitation of forests and its management is called ‘Conservation of Forests’
→ Wild life Sanctuaries all refers to a place meant for providing protection of wild life.
→ An extensive area which is specially protected to preserve its natural beauty, wildlife and forests for public recreation and scientific interests is called National Park.
→ There are 99 National parks and 523 wild life sanctuaries in India.
→ The First National Park in the world is ‘Yellowstone’ USA in 1872.
→ The First National Park in India ‘ is ‘Jim Crobett’ in Uttarakhand established in 1936.
→ Biosphere reserves area a special category of protected area of land or coastal environments with the involvement of people.
→ The main objectives of Biosphere Reserves are conservation, research, education and local involvement of people.
→ Biosphere reserve was launched by the UNESCO in 1971, under Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB)
→ In India, the first Bio-sphere reserve came into existence in 1986 at Niligiri hills.
→ There are 18 biosphere reserves. Eg: Nilgiri, Manas etc.
→ RELIEF: refers to the highest or lowest elevation points in an area. Eg: Mountains and valleys.
→ ECOLOGICAL BALANCE: A state of dynamic equilibrium within a community of organisms.
→ SCRUB: Bushes
→ MANGROVE : Trees that grow in coastal swamps.
→ RESOLUTION (1952): recommended 33% of the Indian land be brought under Forest cover
→ UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization.
→ MAB: A Programme for Biosphere reserves launched by UNESCO in 1971 called ‘Man and the Biosphere’ programme (MAB).