Labour Class 10 Questions and Answers KSEEB 10th Social Science
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers:
Question 1.
Division of Labour leads to ____________ .
Answer:
Inequality
Question 2.
Landless labourer are called as ____________ labourers.
Answer:
unorganised
Question 3.
Labourer’s medical institutions are called as ____________ labourers
Answer:
origanised
II. Answer the following in a sentence:
Question 1.
What is Division of Labour?
Answer:
The division of labour in society refers to the separation of works inherent to the society, with each task performed by a separate person or group. Eg. Food production is done by farmers, tailors stitch clothes etc.
Question 2.
What is Labour with payment?
Answer:
“Labour with compensation” is based on offering semi-skilled or skilled labour for “wages” based on total work done in a day, week or month.
Question 3.
What is Labour without payment?
Answer:
“Without compensation” labour is the labour without payment. Eg. Family work, social work, artist etc.
Question 4.
What is organized labour- sector?
Answer:
Organized Sector: The sector of Labour enrolled as per the laws of the Government and provided fixed wages and facilities within the framework of law such as special allowances, provident fund etc.
In the organized sector the relationship between the employee and employer is guided by legal provisions.
Question 5.
What is unorganized labour sector?
Answer:
The unorganized labour sector of work is one where legal provisions do not completely govern it. The relationship between the employee 86 employer is not guided by any legal provisions.
There is no need for registration. This sector does not follow the legal provisions of the government. There are no tax provisions here. This includes minor transactions, vehicle repair, selling of goods like vegetables, fish, puncture repairers and others belong to this sector. There is no fixed time or duration for this work. Moreover, they work day and night without break. Most of the labourers in this sector earn daily wages.
The minimum wages in this sector usually stays below the mandatory pay fixed by the governments. The labourers won’t receive any medical benefit or overtime benefit. They do not get any paid holidays. Labourers like construction workers, loading and unloading workers, brick kiln workers, landless labourers, small and marginal farmers, fisherman, beedi workers, mine workers and many such labourers belong to this sector. The fact that most- of the labourers work in unorganized sector denotes the condition of workers in India. In total, 90% of the labourers work in unorganized sector.
Question 6.
What are the challenges faced by unorganized sectors workers?
Answer:
- Social insecurity
- No legal provisions
- Child labour
- Physical and Mental exploitation
III. Discuss in groups and answer the following
Question 1.
What are the types of organized labour? Explain.
Answer:
Labourers From Organized Sector: The labour sector is divided as Primaiy, Secondary and Tertiary sectors. Similarly, based on the securities and facilities available, the labour sector is further divided into Organized and Unorganized Sectors. The sector which is enrolled as per the law of the government, and provided fixed wages, facilities within the framework of law is called Organized Sector. This sector is guided by minimum wages act, factory act, special allowances act, provident fund act and many other acts in support of labourers.
In organized sector, institutions like school, hospital industries, government related services, commercial banks, life insurance companies, military and others come.
This sector has to take the permission of the government before it begins its function, it is also mandatory for. them to pay taxes. It is the responsibility of the institution to pay special facilities and provide employment security for the workers. It is mandatory for them to provide pay on specified dates along with overtime pay whenever the workers have worked more than the stipulated time. This sector is guided by legal modalities. The relationship between Employee and employer is guided by legal provisions.
Question 2.
Define discrimination in labour?
Answer:
Discrimination in labour occurs if differential payment is given to two individuals who put the same amount of time and effort.
Question 3.
Explain the challenges faced on Social Security issue by the unorganized sector.
Answer:
Unorganized sector workers face social insecurity. Social Security means having minimum needs to lead a life like housing, health, water, food, drinking water, equal opportunity to work and others. Providing these facilities universally and publically is called as ‘Social Security’, But, this is not available for people working in unorganized sector.
Question 4.
What are the differences between organized and unorganized workers?
Answer:
Organized Workers:
- Provided fixed wages and facilities within the framework of law.
- Workers are assured of minimum wages, special allowances, provident fund.
- Have employment security.
- Prepaid salary on specified dates along with overtime pay.
- Fixed working hours.
- Social security provided.
- Get paid leave.
- Get medical benefit.
- No child labour
- Healthy work environment.
Unorganized Workers:
- No fixed wages. Wages based on nature of work.
- No mandatory fixed wage, no PF and allowances.
- No employment security.
- No specified date or time or overtime pay.
- No fixed time or duration of work.
- No social security.
- No paid holidays
- No medical benefit. Child labour exists.
- Child Labour exists
- Unhealthy work environment,
Additional Questions and Answers
Question 1.
What are the two different divisions of labour, according to Karl Marx?
Answer:
a. Economic Labour
b. Social Labour
Question 2.
What is specialization?
Answer:
Specialization means having deeper knowledge and in depth skill in one particular field.
Question 3.
What is the advantage of division of labour?
Answer:
Division of labour has helped people to gain skill in a field and earn economic benefits in accordance of their skills.
Question 4.
What is labour?
Answer:
Labour means earning in cash or kind by one’s manual or intellectual labour. Labour is a function done in order to achieve something. It is a result of one’s physical work for cash or in kind.
Question 5.
How does inequality in labour occur?
Answer:
The unorganized sector of work is that sector where legal provisions do not completely govern. In this sector, the relationship between the employer and employee is not guided by any legal provisions. There is no need for registration. This sector does not follow the legal provisions of the government. There are no tax provisions here. This includes minor transactions. Vehicle repair, selling of goods like vegetables, fish; puncture repairers and others belong to this sector. There is no fixed time or duration for this work. Moreover, they work day and night without break. Most of the labourers in this sector earn daily wages.
The minimum wages in this sector usually stays below the mandatory pay fixed by the governments. The labourers won’t receive any medical benefit or overtime benefit. They do not get any paid leaves. Labourers like construction workers, loading and unloading workers, brick kiln workers, landless labourers, small and marginal farmers, fisherman, beedi workers, mine workers and many such labourers belong to this sector. The fact that most of the labourers work in unorganized sector denotes the condition of workers in India. In total, 90% of the labourers work in unorganized sector.
Multiple Choice Question and Answer
Question 1.
According to Karl Marx “division of labour creates”
a. Skilled Workers
b. Less Skilled Workers
c. Specialized Workers
d. Unorganized Workers
Answer:
b. Less Skilled Workers
Question 2.
Earning in cash or kind by providing one’s manual or intellect is:
a. Skill
b. Talent
c. Labour
d. Capacity
Answer:
c. Labour
Question 3.
Division of Labour also leads to
a. Discrimination
b. Inequality
c. Social Security
d. Job Security
Answer:
b. Inequality
Question 4.
Differential payment given to people who put the same amount of time and effort is:
a. Compensation
b. Inequality
c. Unequal Division of Labour
d. Discrimination
Answer:
d. Discrimination
Question 5.
A mother’s work for the family is:
a. Labour with pay
b. Labour without payment
c. Unorganized Labour
d. Organized Labour
Answer:
b. Labour without payment
Question 6.
Labour in school, hospital, industries & government is classified as:
a. Labour with pay
b. Labour without pay
c. Organized Labour
d. Unorganized Labour
Answer:
c. Organized Labour
Question 7.
Labour in construction, loading, brick kiln etc. is
a. Labour without pay
b. Laobur with pay
c. Organized Labour
d. Unorganized Labour
Answer:
d. Unorganized Labour
Question 8.
The main features of unorganized labour is:
a. Migration
b. Social Insecurity
c. Child Labour
d. Exploitation
Answer:
d. Exploitation
Question 9.
The provision of health, food, water, equal opportunity called as
a. Job Security
b. Social Security
c. Economic Security
d. Labour Security
Answer:
b. Social Security