Post Independent India Class 10 Questions and Answers KSEEB 10th Social Science
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:
Question 1.
The British government’s last Governor General was ______________
Answer:
Lord Mountbatten
Question 2.
India’s first Home Minister was ______________
Answer:
Sardar Valababhai Patel
Question 3.
India’s first president was ______________
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Babu
Question 4.
Pondicherry became a union territory in the year ______________
Answer:
1963
Question 5.
State Reirganization law was implemented in ______________
Answer:
1953
II. Discuss in groups and answer the following:
Question 1.
What were the problems faced in independent India?
Answer:
After the Independence of India, India had many problems on its hand. They were :
- Partition of India and Pakistan had led to communal riots.
- About 562 princely states had to be integrated into the Indian union.
- The economy of India was in a pathetic state.
- India had the challenge of creating its own constitution.
- India had to establish a strong military force to protect itself.
- India had to strengthen the social fabric and establish social equality and a foreign policy to make arrangements for loans.
Question 2.
How did the nation face refugee problem?
Answer:
The Partition of India and Pakistan led to refugee crises. Around six million refugees from Pakistan arrived in India. By 1951, most of the refugees from west Paksitan were taken care of. The crises in East Paksitan led to communal violence soon after partition. In 1971 about 10 lakh Bangladesh refugees arrived in India. The Governments of Tripura, Meghalaya and Assam helped to resettle the refugees. Though, India faced major famines and economic crisis, India did not hesitate to provide better refugee facilities to the Bangladeshi refugees.
During the Tibetan crisis, over one lakh, twenty thousand Tibetan refugees arrived in India. The Government of Karnataka, sanctioned 300 acres of land to resettle the Tibetan refugees at Bylukuppe near Mysore, which has grown into a major Tibetan settlement in India.
Question 3.
How was Pondicherry liberated from the French? Explain.
Answer:
Even after independence, the French had continued their hold over Pondicherry, Karikal, Mahe ’and Chandranagar. Many political parties like Congress, Communists and others wanted them to become part of India. As a result of all these parts got integrated in 1954. Pondicherry became Union Territory of India in 1963.
Question 4.
How was Goa liberated from Portuguese?
Answer:
A sustained movement was held to protest against the Portuguese occupation of Goa. Though they were ordered to vacate Goa, Portuguese brought more army from Africa and Europe and tried to consolidate their power over Goa. Sathyagrahis from all over India entered Goa and declared the exit of Portuguese from Goa in 1955. The Indian military entered Goa and took over its administration. Goa had remained a union territory till 1987 and later became a state.
Question 5.
Explain the process of State Reorganization based on language.
Answer:
Reorganization of states based on languages: The language based formation of states was a demand present during British India also. After the independence of India, this demand became more and more severe. Both the British government and regional governments never ruled them using local language. In this background, formation of states based on languages was desired. After the death of Potti Sriramulu who died after 54 days of hunger strike demanding for Vishalandhra, the demand for language based state reorganiation went up.
A a result, Andhrapradesh was formed in 1953. In 1953, ‘Reorganization of State Commission’ was formed. Mr Fazal Ali became the president, K.M. Pannikker and H.N. Kunjkru became its members. Based on the report of this commission, State Reorganization Act was brought into effect. According to this act, 14 states and 6 union territories were formed.
Kannada speaking regions were part of various princely states. On October 14th 1947 Mysore State came into existence. The demand to integrate all these people into one state was prevalent. They had formed “All Karnataka Rajaya Nirmana Parishid” and demanded for the major integration of Kannada speaking world. Finally in 1956, Vishala Mysore state came into existence. In 1973, it was named as ‘Karnataka’. Now there are 29 states and 7 union territories in India including Delhi.
Additional Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Discuss the problem of communal violence after the partition of India.
Answer:
When India was partitioned in 1947, the north India had to face a lot of communal violence. Lakhs of Hindus and Muslims died in this com¬munal clashes. When India was celebrating its independence in New Delhi, Gandhiji was in Naukali and other places in meeting the victims consoling them.
Nehru who was the first Prime Minister of Independent India, could settle his administration on the basis of priority and could calm down the communal violence within months of after independence. The evil violence that emerged during the communal violence made Nehru to think about forming a secular nation. These incidents helped India to adopt secular principles in its constitution. Though, leaders like Moulana Abdul Kalam
Azad and Khan Abdul Gharkhan opposed the idea of Pakistan; they could not stop the partition of India. Even now the communal clashes have continued. There are international angles to communal violence. The Constitution of India has accepted religion as the personal choice of the individual. Its foresees a situation where India remains secular country. The Indians need to understand this intention of the constitution live and accordingly.
Question 2.
Why did India adopt Parliamentary democracy.
Answer:
The Constitution Drafting Committee studied various constitutions of the world and came to the conclusion that parliament elected by the people should be the ultimate authority in governance. It rejected Presidential type of democracy.
Question 3.
How were the princely states made an integral part of India.
Answer:
There were 562 princely states when British left India. Apart from partitioning India, they had kept three options open for the remaining princely states.
- Joining India.
- Joining Pakistan.
- Remaining Independent.
In this background, Government of India through its Instrument of Accession’ offered an opportunity for the princely states to join federal structure of India. It offered in return of accession, revenue sharing based on the actual revenue of the state in the form of royalty. Apart from this, some special status were also accorded to the ruling Kings.
Later in 1971, these royalties and status were withdrawn. During the integration of Indian Precisely states, strong opposition came from Junagadh, Jammu and Kashmir and Hyderabad states. Under the leadership of Valabahabai Patel, who is known as Iron Man of India’ was successful in integrating the princely states to Indian federation.
Question 4.
How was the princely state of Hyderabad integrated into India?
Answer:
The princely state of Hyderabad was ruled by Nizam. He wanted to remain independent and refused to join Independent India. Meanwhile under the leadership of communists, the farmers of the state revolted against the Nizam and Zamindars. The people were angiy with the cruel army called ‘Razacks’ which had the patronage of Nizam. The Government of India sent its military to fight Hyderabad and defeated the Nizam and integrated Hyderabad into India in 1948. Valalbhabai Patel could find a solution to this with his firm decision.
Question 5.
Explain why the accession of Jammu and Kashmir different from all the other accessions.
Answer:
The king of Jammu and Kashmir Harisingh decided to remain independent. Fearing that Kashmir may join the Indian federation. Pakistan instigated the tribal Muslims to invade Kashmir. The tribal band of people occupied more area of Kashmir. Unless the King agrees to join India, the military of India could not enter Kashmir. Finally, on releasing the severity of the problem in hand, King Harisingh agreed to join India in October 1947.
Later, the Indian Army attacked the invading tribal soldiers and drove them out of the valley. At this juncture, the issue was reported to UNO. One part of Kashmir remained with Pakistan. India complained at UNO against Pakistan on this issue. UNO issued battle truce on January 01, 1949. The North East part of Kashmir that was occupied by Pakistan continues to be with it and it is called ‘Pakistan Occupied Kashmir’. The accession of Jammu and Kashmir is different from all the other accessions.