Rural Development 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ India is a land of Villages
→ According to the 2011 census report 68.84% of population live in villages.
→ Even after 70 years of independence, about 1/3 of rural population lives in object poverty.
→ Rural Development refers to a process of economic and social upliftment of rural areas
→ The activities essential for Rural Development are :
- Development of human resources including:
- Literacy, especially, female literacy, education and skill development.
- Health, addressing both sanitation and public health;
- Land reforms:
- Development of the productive resources of each locality;
- Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport facilities including construction of village roads and feeder roads, facilities for agriculture research and extension, and information dissemination; and
- Specific programs of alleviation of poverty
→ Rural development contributes to the overall development of the country.
→ Providing administrative power and the responsibility of developing the village to people themselves is called ‘Decentralization’
→ The Indian Government enacted the 73rd constitutional Amendment to establish ‘Panchayat Raj’ through out the country.
→ The key features of the ‘Panchayat Raj’ system is India are:
- A three-tier structure of district, taluk and village panchayats with the Gram Sabha as foundation.
- Direct and periodic elections;
- Reservation of seats for scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs), backward classes and women;
- Provision of major financial and administrative responsibilities budget and audit requirements;
- Provision for and executive/ support staff;
- A strict procedure for dissolution/ suppression of panchayats and mandatory elections within six months of dissolution.
→ Karnataka has 30 Zilla Panchayats, 176 Taluk Panchayats more than 6,022 Gram Panchayats.
→ Panchayat Raj institutions (PRI’s) enable rural people to participate in rural development.
→ The ‘gram Sabha’ is an important body of gram Panchayat.
→ The ‘Gram sabha’ prepares village development schemes during open meetings.
→ Role of Panchayat Raj in Rural Development.
- All development schemes are decided in the gram sabha.
- Engage in local planning.
- Prepares village development schemes.
- Effective implementation of programs such as rural employment programs, rural housing programs etc.
- Implementation of social welfare programs and public distribution system.
- Participation of women in development.
- All economic and social activities.
→ Karnataka has more than 50% women among elected members of Panchayat Institutions.
→ Women‘ self help groups’ play a significate role in organizing rural women and making them financially independent.
→ ABJECT: Very unpleasant and degrading
→ NON-REMUNERATIVE: Unprofitable
→ DISSEMINATION: Spreading Information
→ ALLEVIATION: Make a problem like poverty less severe.
→ AGRO-PROCESSING: The processing or agricultural raw materials into profitable products.
→ GRAMA – SWARAJYA: is a dream of Mahatma Gandhi. Which means self-rule at village level.
→ AMELIORATING: Make something bad or unsatisfactory, good
→ TIER: level
→ AMENITIES: A desirable or useful luxuries.
→ PRI: Panchayat Raj Institution.