The Extension of the British Rule 10th Notes KSEEB Social Science
→ By 1765, the English had gained control most of the eastern parts of India.
→ Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore and Peshwas of Marathas were dominant in southern and western India.
→ In the later part of 19th C, the Sikh king of Punjab, Maharaja Ranjith Singh, emerged as a formidable opponent of the English, by organizing the Sikhs.
→ The English extended their, empire in India, by annexing many kingdoms with cunning policies like ‘Subsidiary Alliance’ and‘Doctrine of Lapse’.
→ The First-Anglo-Maratha War was fought between 1775-1782 C.E.
→ The First Anglo-Maratha war ended with ‘Salbai Agreement’ in 1782.
→ Lord Wellesley was the Governor‘ General of British – India empire from 1798-1805.
→ Lord Wellesley introduced the policy of ‘Subsidiary Alliance’ in 1798.
→ The ‘Subsidiary Alliance’ is a Military Protection Agreement between the Indian kings, and the British.
→ The state of Hyderabad, Mysore, Awadh, Tanjavore, Maratha, Poona, Birar, Gwalior were some of the states that entered the ‘Subsidiary Alliance’.
→ The Second Anglo-Maratha war took place between 1803-1805.
→ Yeshwanth Rao Holkar defeated the combined army of Daulth Rao Sindhia and Peshwar Balaji Rao II in 1802.
→ Peshwa Balaji Rao entered the ‘Subsidiary Alliance’ in 1803 by accepting the ‘Treaty of Bassein’.
→ The Third Maratha War took place between 1817 – 1818.
→ The British consolidated their power over entire Indian sub-continent from 1818-1857.
→ Maharaja Ranjith Singh was born in 1780.
→ Maharaja Ranith Singh entered ‘Continuous Agreement’ with the British in 1809.
→ Maharaja Ranith Singh died in the year 1839.
→ The British invaded Punjab in 1845, violating the ‘Continuous Friendship Pact’.
→ The English defeated Punjab and they signed the humiliating ‘Lahore Agreement’ in 1846’.
→ Lord Dalhousie became the Governor General of British India in 1848.
→ Lord Dalhousie introduced the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ policy in the year 1848.
→ The ‘Sepoy Mutiny’ occurred in 1857.
→ ANNEX: Seize a territory and add it to one’s own.
→ SUBSIDIARY ALLIANCE: A ‘Military Protection Agreement’ introduced by the British Governor General Lord Wellesley in 1798.
→ LORD WELLESLELY: The Governor General of British India from 1798 to 1805.
→ SHA AALAM II: The Mughal Emperor of Delhi was helped by the Marathas back to the throne in 1775.
→ PESHWA: A Prime Minister in the Maratha Empire.
→ INSTALLED: Establish someone in the place or role.
→ SALBAI AGREEMENT: The Treaty of Salbai was signed on May 17, 1782 by representative’s of the Maratha empire and the English East India Company at the end of the First Anglo-Maratha War.
→ MANDATORY: Compulsory.
→ AGGRESSION: Attack violently
→ SCINDIA: or Shinde is a Hindu Maratha Dynasty that ruled Gwalior State.
→ MEDDLE: Interfere in something that is not one’s concern.
→ THRISTINESS: Excessive thirst, strong desire for something.
→ HOLKAR: Dynasty of Hindu Maratha Royals of Indore.
→ MINISCULE: Extremely small, tiny
→ CONSOLIDATION: Become stronger and more stable.
→ PACT: A formal agreement
→ BASSIEN: A Maratha territory.
→ TREATY: A formal agreement between two states.
→ DEFACTO: Existing in fact, whether legally recognized or not.
→ MISL: One of the twelve confederacies of Sikhs in the 18th and 19th centuries, originally organized primarily for military purposes and later for an administrative division of Punjab.
→ DOCTRINE OF LAPSE: Was an annexation policy applied by British East India Company under Governor General Lord Dalhousie when he was in India from 1848 to 1856.
→ LAHORE AGREEMENT: The Treaty of Lahore’ was signed on 9 March 1846 after the first Sikh War, after the defeat of the Sikhs in the Battle of Sobraon. The British resident became the De Facto rules of Punjab.
→ BUFFER STATE: A State that acts as a barrier between adversaries.
→ SEPOY MUTINY: A widespread rebellion against British rule in 1857-58 began at Meerat by Indian soldiers in the service of the British East India Company.
→ 1765: a) The English had gained control of the eastern parts of India.
b) Mughal emperor Shah Alam “grants” Dewani of Bengal, Bihar end Orissa to British East India Company.
→ 1775-1782: First Anglo Maratha War.
→ 1775: Sha Alam II reinstalled on the throne of Mughal Empire with the help of Marathas.
→ 1780: Birth of Maharaja Ranjith Singh
→ 1782: End of First Anglo – Maratha War with the ‘Salbai Agreement’
→ 1798: a) Arrival of Lord Wellesley as the Governor General of British – India.
b) Lord Wellesley implemented the ‘Subsidiary Alliance’.
→ 1802: Treaty of Bassein, between the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II of poona and the British.
→ 1803-1805: Second Anglo Maratha War.
→ 1809: Continuous Agreement between the British and Ranjith Singh of Punjab.
→ 1817-1818: Third Anglo-Maratha War.
→ 1818: Annexation of Peshwa Baji Rao II of Poona’s territories in western India.
→ 1839: Death of Maharaja Ranjith Singh.
→ 1845: Anglo – Sikh War
→ 1846: a) Lahore Agreement (The Sikhs were defeated by British)
b) The British Resident became de-facto Ruler of Punjab.
→ 1848 – a) Lord Dalhousie arrived in India of Governor-General of British India.
b) Implementation of the “Doctrine of Lapse’, an annexation policy of the British.