Category: Class 8

Biosphere Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

Question 1.
What is Biosphere ?
Answer:
Biosphere is the part of the earth where life exists.

Question 2.
Define Ecology?
Answer:
Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical, chemical and biological environment.

Question 3.
Name the different types of environmental Pollution?
Answer:
The different types of environmental Pollutions are

• Air pollution
• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution
• Noise pollution

Question 4.
What are the measures to control water pollution?
Answer:
The measures to control water pollution are
(a) Industrial effluents must be treated.
(b) Drinking water source must be kept clean.
(c) Sewage treatment plants.
(d) Disposal of waste on the water bodies must be controlled.

Question 5.
What is Bio-Diversity?
Answer:
The variety of flora and fauna is a region is known as bio-diversity.

II. Define the following.

1. Biosphere: Biosphere is the part of the earth where life exists.

2. Ecological imbalance: In the natural environment There is no perfect balance between the various organisms living together in the Bio-sphere. This is known as ecological imbalance.

3. Global warming: For the last few years, global temperature has increased. This phenomenon is termed as Global warming.

4. Green house effect: Increasing of green house gases is causing an increase of temperature. This is called green house effect.

5. Ozone depletion: In the recent years the use of air conditioners, refrigerators, sprays and deodorants are destroying the ozone due to the synthetic chemicals released into the atmosphere, primarily chlorofluorocarbon carbons. The ozone deflection has caused the ozone hole.

6. Acid rain: Acid rain contains high amounts acids particularly sulphuric acid arid carbon monoxide. It is caused when the rain drops pass through the polluted atmosphere.

Additional Questions and Answers

Multiple choice questions.

Question 1.
Which is one of the worst acid rain affected regions in the world
(a) South-east Germany
(b) Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
(c) Tibet
(d) Australia
Answer:
(a) South-east Germany

Question 2.
Acid rain is also referred to as
(a) Green house effect
(b) Friend of farmers
(c) Lake killer
(d) Ocean killer
Answer:
(c) Lake killer

Question 3.
The highest ozone deplection in the world is recorded in the atmosphere over.
(a) Artie
(b) Antarctica
(c) Asia
(d) Polar region
Answer:
(b) Antarctica

Question 4.
Epidemics are caused due to the pollution
(a) Air Pollution
(b) Water Pollution
(c) Soil Pollution
(d) Noise Pollution
Answer:
(b) Water Pollution

Answer the following Questions

Question 1.
What is ecological balance ?
Answer:
In the natural environment there is a perfect balance between the various organisms living together in the biosphere. This is known as ecological balance.

Question 2.
What is environment.
Answer:
Environment is the surrounding where an organism, a community or an object exists.

Question 3.
What are pollutants?
Answer:
Pollutants are the substances that cause pollution.

Question 4.
What is Air pollution?
Answer:
Substances put into the air by the activity of mankind is concentration. Sufficient to cause harmful effect to his health, vegetation and property.

Question 5.
What are the important air pollutants?
Answer:
The important air Pollutants are carbon dioxide, carbon, monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydro carbons etc.

Question 6.
What is water pollution?
Answer:
Water pollution is alteration in physical chemical and biological characteristics of water which may have harmful effects on human and aquatic life.

Question 7.
What is noise pollution ?
Answer:
Noise pollution is any undesirable sound dumped into the atmosphere leading to health hazard.

Question 8.
What are the measures to control air pollution?
Answer:

• Control of gaseous pollutants.
• Control of emission from automobiles.
• Planting of more trees.
• Use of non-conventional energy source.
• Awareness programme
• Legal Control
• Literacy and education

Question 9.
What are the measure taken by the government to control noise pollution?
Answer:

• Industries must be located away from the residential areas.
• Construction of sound proof walls in the factories. restructuring unnecessary use of sirens, horns and loud speakers.

Question 10.
What are the effects of global warming ?
Answer:
The warming of atmosphere is caused by greenhouse effect and trapping of heat by the atmosphere. The world getting warmers climatic zones are shifting, glaciers are melting and sea level is rising.

Question 11.
What is Acid rain ? How does it occur.
Answer:
Acid rain contains high amounts of acids particularly Sulphuric acid and carbon monoxide It is caused when the rain drops pass through the polluted atmosphere.

Question 12.
What are the effects of soil pollution.
Answer:
Soil pollution decreases the fertility of the soil, converts the region into wasteland, destroys the micro organisms in the soil etc.

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Hydrosphere Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words

Question 1.
The average depth of continental Shelf is _______________ .
Answer:
100 Fathoms.

Question 2.
One fathom is equal to _______________ ft
Answer:
6 ft

Question 3.
The deepest place in the Pacific ocean is _______________ .
Answer:
the Challenger deep.

Question 4.
The average salinity of the ocean water is _______________ .
Answer:
35 PPT

Question 5.
_______________ tides occur during full moon.
Answer:
Spring

II. Answer the following

Question 1.
What is hydrosphere?
Answer:
About 71 % of the total area of the earth or 361 million Sq. KM is covered by water is called water.

Question 2.
Mention the 4 major parts of the ocean floor is as follows.
Answer:

1. The Continental shelf
2. The Continental slope
3. The Deep sea plain and
4. The Ocean deeps.

Question 3.
State the difference between ocean currents and tides.
Answer:
Ocean currents are the regular movement of ocean water from one region to another. Ocean currents are two types- warm currents and cold currents. Tides are the periodic rise and fall in the sea or ocean level.

Tides occur due to gravitational attraction by the moon, gravitational force by the sun, rotation of the earth and centrifugal force of the earth. There are two types of tide, They are Spring tide and Neap tide.

Question 4.
Distinguish between spring tide and neap tides.
Answer:
Spring tides take place when the earth, the moon and the sun are in the same straight line. Ex: New moon and full moon night tides are the highest and lowest tides.

Neap tide: Neap tides occur on the first quarter and last quarter days in the phase of the moon. During neap tides the sun and the earth are in the same straight line and moon is in right angle to the earth. High tides are not very high and low tides are not very low.

Question 5.
How can we conserve the ocean
Answer:
(a) Oil transporation should be done through pipelines.
(b) Nuclear waste should not be dumped into the sea or ocean.
(c) Petro- chemical industries in the coastal regions must avoid dumping effluents into the sea or ocean.
(d) Dumping of any waste near the ports and harbours must be controlled.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write a figure of ocean floor
Answer:

Question 2.
Currents of the Pacific ocean are:
Answer:

Question 3.
Major ocean currents of the world
Answer:

Question 4.
Spring tides and neap tides
Answer:

III. Match the following

A	B
1. Fathom	a) deep sea Plain
2. Oyashio	b) eastern coast of USA
3. Gulf Stream	c) cold currents
4. Sea mounts	d) Indian Ocean currents
5. Aguilas Current	e) depth of ocean

Answer:
1 – e
2 – c
3 – b
4 – a
5 – d

IV. Define the following

1. Continental shelf: This is the shallow area along the sea coast. This part is bordered by the sea coast on one side and continental, slope on the other side. The average depth of the continental shelf is 100 fathoms.

2. Salinity: It is the percentage of salts dissolved in the sea or ocean water. The average salinity of the ocean water is very high near the tropics and it is very low near the poles.

3. Warm and cold currents: These currents originate and flow from the equatorial regions to sub polar regions. These currents originate in the polar regions and flow towards the equatorial region.

4. High Tide and Low Tide: The high tide also known as flood tide and low tide also known as Ebb tide.

5. Benguela Current: It is a south Atlantic ocean cold current

6. Tides: Tides are the periodic rise and fall in the sea or ocean level.

IV. Terms to remember:

• Gulf stream, Warm current.
• Salinity. The percentage of salts dissolved in the sea or ocean water.
• Warm Currents: It originates and flow from the equatorial region towards polar regions.
• Kuroshio current: Honshu Hokkaido fishing grounds
• Flood tides: It is also known as high tides.
• Tidal energy: Generate electricity through tides.

III. Fill up the blanks.

Question 1.
______________ tides occur during full moon.
Answer:
Spring

Question 2.
The Sunlight can penetrate into the ocean only up to a depth of ______________
Answer:
200 meters.

Question 3.
The Salinity of dead sea is ______________
Answer:
300 ppt

Question 4.
The deepest print of the ocean is ______________
Answer:
Challenger deep

Question 5.
The salinity of water in Lake Sambar in India is ______________
Answer:
265 ppt

IV Answer the followings?

Question 1.
What are ocean trenches?
Answer:
The ocean deeps are also called ocean trenches.

Question 2.
How are tides useful to mankind. Tides help navigation.
Answer:

• It helps in the location of ports and harbours.
• Tide help to keep the harbours clean.
• They help fishing.
• They also help to generate energy in the form of tidal energy.

Question 3.
What are the major fishing grounds of the world ?
Answer:
(a) Honshu Hokkaido fishing grounds- meeting place of kuroshio warm current and oyashio cold current in Japan.
(b) Grand bank -meeting place of Gulf stream warm current and Labrador cold currents.
(c) Dagger bank- North Sea region of Europe.

Question 4.
Differentiate between warm currents and cold currents.
Answer:
Warm Currents: These currents originate and flow from the equatorial regions to sub-polar region.
Cold currents: These currents originate in the polar Regions and flow towards the equatorial region.

Question 5.
Why is water salty?
Answer:
The water flowing from the land to the sea carries many kinds of salts and deposit them in the sea or ocean. Due to high temperature, water is evaporated continuously, and the salts remain in the sea or ocean.

This continuous process ever along period or time has resulted in the accumulation of salts in the sea water.

Question 6.
What are oceans?
Answer:
Oceans are deep and Large expanse of water is found between the continents.
Ex: Pacific ocean, Atlantic ocean.

Question 7.
What is sea?
Answer:
Sea is a part of the ocean extended or projected far inland.
Ex. Arabian sea, Red sea

Question 8.
what is Bay?
Answer:
Bays are small semi-circular water bodies partially surrounded by land.

Question 9.
What is strait?
Answer:
Strait is narrow strip of water body Joining two large water bodies Ex. Palk strait, Strait of Gibraltar.

Question 10.
What Isthmus?
Answer:
Isthmus is a narrow stretch of land mase Joining two large Land mases.

Question 11.
What is salinity?
Answer:
Salinity is the percentage of salt dissolved in the sea or ocean water.

Question 12.
What are tides?
Answer:
Tides are the periodic rise and fall in the sea or ocean level.

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Atmosphere Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answer

Question 1.
The two major gases of the atmosphere are ____________ and ____________ .
Answer:
Nitrogen and oxygen.

Question 2.
The lowest layers of the atmosphere is ____________ .
Answer:
troposphere

Question 3.
The average air pressure of the atmosphere at the sea level is ____________ .
Answer:
1013.25 mb

Question 4.
Westerlies is also known as ____________ .
Answer:
Antitrade winds

Question 5.
The scientific study of weather is ____________ .
Answer:
Meteorology.

II. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is atmosphere ?
Answer:
Atmosphere is a thin layers of gases, dust, particles and water vapour surrounding the earth.

Question 2.
Name the important layers of the Atmosphere ?
Answer:
Troposphere, startosphere, mesosphere, Themosphere and Exosphere are the important layers of the atmosphere.

Question 3.
What is the significance of Ozone Layer?
Answer:
Ozone is the most important gas which absorbs Ultra Violet rays of the sun and portects all forms of life on the earth,

• This layer is free from clouds and other important weather phenomenon.
• It provides ideal flying conditions for Jet air crafts.

Question 4.
What is Doldrum? Where is it found?
Answer:
Equatorial low pressure belt region gets direct rays of the sun almost throughout the year, Hence air is always very warm and hot. This is a clam region with very little wind. So, it is known as Doldrums means ‘belt of clam’.

Question 5.
Name the different types of planetary winds?
Answer:
Planetary winds are also called permanent winds or ‘prevailing winds’ Regular winds’ which blow more or less in the same direction thronghout the year.
There are 3 types of planetary winds.

• Trade winds,
• Anti-trade winds or
• westerlies, and polar winds.

Question 6.
What are local winds? Give any two examples.
Answer:
Periodic winds are the result of variation in local temperature, pressure, humidity which in turn are attributed to the formation of air currents, crossing mountain ranges, valleys and other relief barriers.
The important periodic and local winds are land breeze, seabreeze, mountain breeze, valley breeze.

Question 7.
Mention the different types of clouds?
Answer:
Clouds is a mass of small water drops or ice crystals, formed by the condensation of the water in the atmostphere usually at a considerable height above the earth’s surface. The important types of clouds are the startus, the cumules, the cirrus and the nimbus clouds.

Question 8.
Distinguish between weather and climate?
Answer:
Weather: The atmospheric conditions of a small area at a particular time is called weather.
Ex: Cloudy, sunny, fine weather.

Climate: Climate is the overall condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time of a large area.
Ex: Equatorial climate, tropical monsoon climate, desert climate, Mediterranean climate, tundra climate.

III. Define the following

1. Ionosphere: Thermosphere is also called Ionosphere as the gaseous atoms are ionized due to very high temperature.

2. Normal lapse rate: It is the decreasing rate of temperature with the increase of altitude. The rate of decrease is 1°C for every 6.4° meters of for every 1000 meters of height.

3. Anemometer: It used to measure the speed of the wind. The direction of the wind is shown by an instrument called “wind wane” or ‘weather cock’.

4. Roaring forties: The westerlies of southern hemisphere are very strong over the ocean. Hence, they are called ‘Roaring forties (40° south Latitude) and ‘shrieking sixties’(60° south Latitude)

5. Nimbus! Nimbus clouds are rain clouds which occur at low levels, These clouds have the shape of stratus or cumulus. They are dark grey or black in appearance. They cause heavy rainfall or snow fall. TheNimbo-stratus are thick, heavy, rain bearing clouds.

6. Meteorology: The Scientific study of weather is meteorology.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Layers of Atmosphere picture
Answer:

Question 2.
Temperature Zone Picture
Answer:

Question 3.
Conventional rainfall and orgraphic Rainfall
Answer:

Question 4.
Cyclones and anticyclone
Answer:

Question 5.
Types of clouds
Answer:

Question 6.
Explain the types of Absolute humidity.
Answer:
Relative humidity and specific humidity.

Question 7.
Name the pressure belts of the earth
Answer:
The equatorial low pressure belt, North sub – tropical high pressure belt, south sub-tropical high pressure belt, North sub-polar low pressure belt, south subpolar low pressure belt, North polar high pressure belt, south polar high pressure belt.

Question 8.
What are the factors affecting the climate of a place ?
Answer:
The factors that influence the climate of a place or region are latitude, altitude winds, distance from the sea, distributions of land and water bodies, ocean currents etc.

Question 9.
What is rainfall? Name its kinds.
Answer:
Precipitation in the form of water droplets is called rainfall. Rainfall is of three types. They are conventional rainfalll, orographic rainfall and cyclonic rainfall.

Question 10.
What are cyclones? What are its types
Answer:
Cyclone is a small low pressure area in the centre surrounded by high pressure. The winds blow spirally towards the low pressure area. Tropical cyclones and temparate cyclones are the two types of cyclones.

Question 11.
What is Anti cyclone ?
Answer:
An anti cyclone is a high pressure area in the centre with winds blowing out wards, towards the low pressure areas. In the northern hemisphere it is anticlockwise.

Question 12.
What are the different names of the cyclones in different regions?
Answer:

• Japan and China – Typhoon
• USA and Mexico – Hurricane
• Australia – Willy Willies
• India – Cyclone
• Russia – Whirlpool

Question 13.
What are the important factors that influence atmosphere temperature?
Answer:
The important factors that influence atmospheric tempertaure are latitudes, altitudes or height, distance from the sea, wind, ocean currents, relief, clouds rainfall etc.

Question 14.
What is the composition of atmosphere
Answer:
Atmosphere is a mixture of different gases, dust particles and water vapour. The important, gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen-78.89% oxygen-20.94% and remaining 1% consists of Argon-0.93%, carbondioxide-0. 03%, ozone- 0,000005%

II. Match the followings

1. Temperature	a) Anemometer
2. wind	b) Thermometer
3. Humidity	c) Barometer
4. Air	d) Barometer
5. Planetary winds	e) Roaring forties
6. Westernies	f) Regular winds

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – d
4 – c
5 – f
6 – e

III. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
The imaginary Lines drawn on the map or globe connecting places having the same pressure are called ______________ .
Isobars

Question 2.
Doldrums means ______________ .
Belt of clam

Question 3.
______________ gas which absorbs utraviolet rays of the sun and protect life on earth.
Answer:
Ozone

Question 4.
The thickness of the Atmosphere is ______________ .
Answer:
1000 K.M

Question 5.
The coldest place on earth is ______________ .
Answer:
Vostok

Question 6.
Lines connecting places having the same temperature is called ______________ .
Answer:
Isotherms

Question 7.
The highest temperature recorded is india in ______________ .
Answer:
Ganganagar.

Question 8.
______________ of Meghalya in india has recorded 1140 mm of rainfall per year.
Answer:
Mawsynram

Question 9.
______________ of Karnataka is called Mawsynram of south India.
Answer:
Agumbe

Question 10.
The Scientific study of weather is called ______________
Answer:
Meteorology

Question 11.
orgraphic rainfall is also called ______________
Answer:
mountain rainfall.

Question 12.
The rain caused by the process’ of ______________ is called convectional rainfall.
Answer:
Convention

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Lithosphere Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Question 1.
The continental crust is also called ____________ .
Answer:
SIAL

Question 2.
Vast basin shaped volcanic mouth is ____________ .
Answer:
caldera.

Question 3.
The most destructive earth quake waves are ____________ .
Answer:
surface waves

Question 4.
Stalacitifies and stalogmites are most common in ____________ .
Answer:
Australia

Question 5.
The ____________ are formed by sea wave’s work.
Answer:
Beaches

II. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Mention the three major layers of the interior of the earth.
Answer:
The three major layers of the interior of the earth are the crust, the mantle and the crust or core.

Question 2.
Name the types of volcanoes on the basis of frequency of eruption.
Answer:
On the basis of frequency of eruption, Volcanoes are classified into 3 types. They are active valconoes, Dormant valconoes, Extinct valconoes.

Question 3.
Mention the important earthquake zones of the world.
Answer:
The circum- pacific belt, Regions around the Pacific ocean. (Philippines, Japan, USA, Peru etc) The Mediterranean belt Regions around the Mediterranean sea The Himalayan belt- The Siwalik Regions of India.

Question 4.
What is weathering? Name the 3 main types of weathering?
Answer:
Weathering is the wearing away or breaking down or gradual disintergration of rocks by agent present in the atmosphere.
The 3 types of weathering are

1. Mechanical weathering
2. Chemical weathring
3. Biological weathering

Question 5.
Name of the land forms associated with the work of river
Answer:
Denudation is the action of changing Landscape or changing the surface of the earth by river.

• formation of Gorges, canyons, “v” shaped valleys, waterfalls, eg. Angel Falls, Niagara falls, Jog falls.
• alluvial fans, meanders.
• Flood Plains, Natural levees, ox- bow lakes.
• Deltas Ex: sunderban delta, Nile belta.

III. Match the following

1. SIMA	a) earth quake
2. Sand Stone	b) yellow soil
3. Epicentre	c) oceanic crust
4. Geyser	d) sedmintary rock
5. Loess	e) undergrounds water.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – a
4 – e
5 – b

IV. Define the following.

1. Aqueous rocks: Sand stone rocks are called as aqueous rock.

2. “ Pacific ring fire”: Coastal regions of the Pacific oceans consisting of Philippines, Japan USA Central America, South America etc.

3. Mechanical weathering: When the rock is broken and disintergrated without any chemical alteration, the process is called physical weathering or mechanical weathering.

4. Carbonaceous rocks: Organic sediments are those derived by the accumulation of remains of organisms Ex: coal (carbonaceous rocks)

5. Tsunami: Tsunami is a large sea wave occasionally experienced along the coasts of Japan and in other regions caused by an under water eathquake.

6. Continental glacier: Continental glacier are extensive ice sheets found in polar region
Ex: Green land and Antarctica.

7. Hot spring: Whenever Warm or hot water comes out naturally it is called hot spring or thermal spring.

V. terms to remember

• NIFE: Nickel and ferrous (Iron)
• Arenaceous and argillaceaus rocks: sand stone and Shale.
• Tectonic forces: The force between the earth plates.
• Mountain glacier: the glacier found in the polar regions are called mountain glacier.
• Aeolian cycle: Work of wind is called Aeolian Cycle.
• Beaches: The work of sea waves is significant along the sea shore or coast.

Additional Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
The Outer – most solid layer of the earth is known as the _____________ .
Answer:
Lithosphere

Question 2.
_______________ The Crust is the Lithosphere
Answer:
she Crust

Question 3.
_______________ is the middle or second layer of the earth.
Answer:
The mantle

Question 4.
The most important materials of the core are _______________ and _______________ .
Answer:
Nickle and ferrous.

Question 5.
_______________ are the solid inorganic substances.
Answer:
Rocks

Question 6.
The word ‘Igneous’ Means _______________ .
Answer:
fire

Question 7.
_______________ rocks are the hardes rocks on the earth.
Answer:
Metamorphic

Question 9.
The Scientific Study of earthquake is called _______________
Answer:
seismology

Question 10.
Whenever warm or hot water comes oot naturally it is called _______________ or _______________.
Answer:
hot spring or thermal spring

Answer the followings

Question 1.
Name the two important types of Igneous rocks?
Answer:
Intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks are the two types of Igneous rocks.

Question 2.
Define the sedimentary rocks.
Answer:
The word ‘Sedimentary’ is derived from a latin word ‘sedimentum’, which means setting down. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the agency of water, wind and Ice

Question 3.
Define Metamorphic rocks.
Answer:
Metamorphic rocks are the hard set rock on the earth. These rocks supply precious stones. Ex: Sapphire, Ruby, Emerald and Diamond Etc.

Question 4.
Explain the internal forces.
Answer:
These are the forces which orginate inside the crust and influence the surface features of the earth.
Ex: Volcanoes, Earthquakes etc.

Question 5.
Name the Volcanic materials
Answer:
The materials ejecting out from the volcanoes are of 3 types.
Solid: Volcanic rocks, cinders, silica. Pumice, dust, ash Liquid: Lava
Gases: Sulpur, hydrogen, Carbon dioxide.

Question 6.
Which is instrument used to measure earth quake?
Answer:
‘Seismograph’ instrument used to measure earthquake.

Question 7.
Name the 3 important earthquake waves
Answer:
The three Important earthquake waves are ____________

1. primary waves (Pw)
2. Secondary waves (SW) and
3. surface wave (SW)

Question 8.
What are the types of Glaciers?
Answer:
Glaciers are divided into two types

1. Continental Glaciers and
2. Mountain glaciers

Question 9.
What is a spring? What are its kinds
Answer:
A Spring is a place where the underground water come and naturally.
Types of spring

• Perennial spring
• Inter mittent spring
• Hot Spring
• Geyser
• Artesian wells

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

The Earth – Our Living Planet Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answer.

Question 1.
The total geographical area of the earth, is _________________
Answer:
510 million 5q Kms (Millon)

Question 2.
The shape of the earth is __________________
Answer:
Geoid

Question 3.
The equatorial and polar diameters of the earth is _________________ and _________________.
Answer:
12756 kms and 12714 Kms

Question 4.
The 23 \(\frac{1}{2}\) North Latitude is called as _________________
Answer:
tropic of cancer.

Question 5.
The Indian Standard time is based on 82 \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Answer:
East Longitude.

II. Answer the following questions brief

Question 1.
Why is the earth called “Living Planet’s”
Answer:
Earth is called living planet because of its suitable distance from the sun, range of temperature, life supporting gases, atmosphere, water cycle etc.

Question 2.
Why are the northern and southern Hemispheres called land and water hemispheres?
Answer:
The Northern hemisphere has 60% of land and 40% of water. Therefore it is called the land hemisphere. There is 81% of water and 19% of land in the Southern Hemisphere and so, it is called the water hemisphere.

Question 3.
What are Latitudes and Longitudes?
Answer:
Latitude is an imaginary Line which Joins all the places which have the same angular distance, north or south of the equator. The imaginary Lines that intersect the equator at right angle Joining the north and south are called Longitudes.

Question 4.
Mention the difference between Local time and standard time.
Answer:
The time according to the longitude of a place or according to the position of sun at the place is known as the Local time. In order to avoid confusion of Local times many countries follow uniform time throught the country.

Question 5.
What is the international Date Line?
Answer:
180° Meridians is supposed to pass pacific ocean but makes short detours in order to avoid land masses. This is known as the international Date Line.

III. Define the following.

Question 1.
Unique planet, earth is the home for all forms of life like, plants, animals and human beings. It has unique features and support human habitation
Answer:
1. Size of the earth: The earth is the 5th largest planet in the Sun’s family. The total geographical area of the earth 510 million Sq KMS of which 361 million Sq kms (70.78%) is covered by water and 149 million Sq. KMS (29.22%) is covered by land.

2. Geoid: The earth’s shape is Geoid which literally means ‘Earth Shaped’ or ‘Oblate spheroid’ The earth is flattened at Poles and bulges at the equator.

3.Continents: The land bodies of the earth are known as continents. There are continents, namely Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctia. Europe and Australia.
Asia is the largest continent is the world while Australia is the smallest continent.

4. Prime Meridian: The meridian passing through Greenwich (England) has been chose as prime meridian. It is marked as 00 Longitude, There are 180 Longitudes to the east of Greenwhich and 180 to the west. Thus there are 360 Longitudes.

5. Indian Standard Time: In India, 821/20 east. Longitude is considered as the standard meridian of the country. It passes through Allahabad of uttar pradesh. The time based on this meridian is called the Indian Standard time (1ST).

IV. Terms to Remember 

1. Living Planet: The Earth is the home for all forms of life like plants, animals and human beings because of its suitable distance from the Sun, range of temperature, life supporting gases, atmosphere, water cycle etc. Our Earth is called by many names. Some of them ‘Living Planet’, ‘Unique Planet’, ‘Watery Planet’, ‘Blue Planet’.

2. Equator: The Equator (00) is the longest line of latitude known as the Great circle. It is equal to the circumference of the Earth. It divides the earth into two equal halves,

• The Northern Hemisphere and
• The Southern Hemisphere.

3. Arctic circle; An imaginary circle parallel to the equator, 66°342 north of it.

4. Antarctic circle: Antarctic Circle is the imaginary circle around the earth, parallel to the equator, at latitude 66° 322 S; it marks the southernmost point at which the sun appears above the level of the horizon at the winter solstice.

5. Zonal Time: In certain countries of the World, where the longitudinal extent is so large (more than 450 of longitude) that there is often a difference of three to four hours between one part and the other, the land surface is divided into Time Zones. The whole globe is divided into such time zones so that the time in each zone differs from the other by only one hour.

Large countries like Russia, USA, Canada and Australia have vast longitudinal extent. Therefore they have different time zones. Russia has 11 time zones, USA and Canada have 5 time zones and Australia has 3 time zones.

6. International date line: The problem of time in countries of the world was solved first by the standard time and then by the zonal time. But the circumnavigation of the world brought a new problem in keeping the correct date and day in the week for the travellers.

Therefore a line passing through 180° meridian diametrically opposite to the GM.T’ was adopted as the point where circumnavigators should make adjustments. This line is supposed to pass Pacific ocean along the 1800 meridian but makes short detours in order to avoid land masses.

This is known as the International Date Line because the date and day is changed whenever people cross this line by ships or aeroplanes. Any ship crossing this line from west (Asia to North America) to east takes a day twice while the ship crossing this line from east (North America to Asia) to west drops one day.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The earth is the ______________ largest planet is the sun’s family
Answer:
5^th

Question 2.
The ratio between the land and the water bodies is ______________
Answer:
1:2.43

Question 3.
______________ is the smallest and shallowest ocean.
Answer:
Artic

Question 4.
The distance between two consecutive meridians on the equator is ______________
Answer:
111 KMS

Question 5.
The land body of the earth is knowns as a ______________
Answer:
continent

Question 6.
______________ is the largest continent in the world.
Answer:
Asia

Question 7.
A large water body on the earth is called an ______________.
Answer:
ocean

Question 8.
______________ is the smallest continent in the world.
Answer:
Australia

Question 9.
What is prime Meridian ?
Answer:
The meridian passing through Green wich has been chosen as prime meridian.

Question 10.
What are the other names of the earth?
Answer:
Living Planet, unique planet, waterly planet and blue planet are the other names of the earth.

Question 11.
Why is earth called ‘Living Planet”?
Answer:
Earth is called living Planet because of its suitable distance from the sun, range of temperature, life Supporting gases, atmosphere water cycle etc.

Question 12.
Write names of the Oceans
Answer:
The Pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean, The Indian Ocean and the Artie Ocean.

Question 13.
Why do countries of the world have different time Zones? Give examples.
Answer:
Large countries like Russia, USA, Canada and Australia have vast longitudinal extent. Therefore they have different time zones. Russia has 11 time zones, USA and Canada have 5 times and Australia has 3 time Zones.

Question 14.
How are the problems of time in countries of the world solved?
Answer:
It was first solved by the standard time and by the zonal time.

Question 15.
List and important Latitudes?
Answer:

• 0° Latitude- equator or Great circle
• 23\(\frac{1}{2}^{0}\) North Latitude-Tropic of cancer
• 23\(\frac{1}{2}^{0}\) South Latitude-Tropic of Capricorn
• 66\(\frac{1}{2}^{0}\) North Latitude -Arctic Circle
• 66\(\frac{1}{2}^{0}\) South Latitude -Antarctia Circle
• 90° North- North Pole
• 90° South – South Pole

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Types of Society Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
The hunting societies use _______________ tools for hunting.
Answer:
stone

Question 2.
_______________ is used to fill the land in agricultural society.
Answer:
‘Plough’

Question 3.
The distribution of skilled work is called as _______________ .
Answer:
Division of Labour

Question 4.
In Industrial societies, there is an increase in transport and _______________ .
Answer:
communication

Question 5.
The mechanised production takes place in _______________ society.
Answer:
Industrial

II. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What are the different types of societies?
Answer:
The following are the different types of societies.

• Hunting and Gathering society.
• Pastoral society.
• Agricultural society or rural society.
• Urban society.
• Industrial society.
• Information society.

Question 2.
What is a Pastroal society?
Answer:
The process of engaging in animal husbandry of cattle like sheep, goat, cow nd buffalo for general sustenance is called pastoral society.
It is a second stage in the evolution of human societies.

Question 3.
How does agriculture gain importance in society?
Answer:
In Agricultural society people began to leave hunting, nomadic life and settled in a place and engaged in agriculture. Thus agrarian society began to form and people began to engage in agriculture related works, plough driven by animals were used for agriculture.

Question 4.
What is an Industiral society?
Answer:
The Industrial society: utilising, scientific production ways and searching for energy sources is the main feature of this society. Majority of the population depends on Industrial work for their sustenance.

Question 5.
Information Society is growing fast. Prove.
Answer:
As the information society is needed for all, it has assumed more importance in this society people take help from information technologies to solve their problems and challenges. Knowledge is getting exchanged over new tools. Computers have become the information storage hubs.

III. Answer the following in four five lines.

Question 1.
Explain the features of hunting and gathering societies.
Answer:
Hunting and gathering society is the first stage of human evolution. It is a simple and ancient society. It is very small in size. The human being were engaged in fishing hunting animals and gathering foods plants and trees. The role and status in the society were fixed based on age and sex. There was no desire of accumulation of wealth. Hunting was done using stone tools.

Question 2.
Explain the features of pastroal Societies.
Answer:
Pastoral society is the second stage in the evolution of human societies. The process of engaging in animals husbandry of cattle like sheep, goat, cow, and buffalo for general sustenance is called pastrol society, cattle herding was the main occupation. The society was under the leadership of single leader.

Question 3.
Explain the relationship between land and agriculture.
Answer:
Agriculture is the major economic activity that takes place in agricultural society. The structure of agricultural society can be in relation to the land holdings, relationship with land and agricultural activity.

Tajmani system, Zamindari system, Ryotwari stystem, Mahalwari system. Tenancy system etc. were the types land holding system It reflect on agriculture activity directly.

Question 4.
List out the features of Industrial society.
Answer:
Utilising scientific production ways and searching for energy sources is the feature of this society.
Population depends on Industrial work for their sustenance.

In an Industrialised society, the production depends on the automatic technology the production is in large quantity. This depends on division of labour. The production proces became mechanised.

Question 5.
Write as note on Information Society.
Answer:
As the information society is needed for all, it has assumed more importance. In this society, people take help from information technologies to solve their problems and challenges. The information society helps to attain education and do commerce and business needed for the future. Mass media are best examples for storage of information. Now a days computers have become the information storage hubs.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
______________ is the most prominent subject for sociology.
Answer:
Society

Question 2.
The word society originates from the Greek word ______________ .
Answer:
Socius

Question 3.
“Communities community” said by ______________ .
Answer:
H.M. Johnson.

Question 4.
______________ means getting together of people to work towards a common goal.
Answer:
Co-operation

Question 5.
______________ decides the aims and patterns of human beings.
Answer:
Society

Question 6.
______________ is not uniform.
Answer:
Society

Question 7.
______________ society is the first stage of human evolution.
Answer:
Hunting and gathering

Question 8.
The process of engaging in animal husbandry of cattle for general sustenance is called ______________ society.
Answer:
pastrol

Question 9.
Movement of people from one place to another place in search of food, grassland, business is called as ______________ life.
Answer:
nomadic

Question 10.
______________ is called as a land of villages and agriculture.
Answer:
India

Question 11.
______________ opines that, the human civilization evolved in the cradel of villages.
Answer:
Bogarodus

Question 12.
A group of families residing in a place is called villages said by ______________ .
Answer:
S.C. Dube

Question 13.
Majority of the people live in ______________.
Answer:
rural India

Question 14.
In Karnataka the be neighbourhood is identified as ______________ .
Answer:
‘Kerfi or ‘oni’

Question 15.
Zamindar is a ______________ words.
Answer:
Persian

Answer the following Questions

Question 1.
What is Jajmani system?
Answer:
Jajmani system was a basic nature of socio – economic life of rural society.

Question 2.
Define Zamindari system?
Answer:
Zamindar is a Persian word. It means one who has lands.

Question 3.
Explain Ryotwari system?
Answer:
In order to save farmers from the exploitation the Court of Directions introduced Ryotwari system in 1817.

Question 4.
Define Mahalwari system?
Answer:
Under this system, based on the yieid of estate or mahal, tax was fixed on the owners of the such mahal.

Question 5.
Explain Tenancy system?
Answer:
The farmers who has secured the rights to till land is called a tenant. There are two types of tenants, permanent and temporary tenants.

Question 6.
Explain Urban society :
Answer:
Urban society are very complex in their structures. Urban societies have dense population involving in varieties of jobs and works often urban societies are pushed to the brink of severe problems due to over crowding of population. Still, the urban societies are ahvays welcomed. The urban societies have become modem society. Urban Life and civilised life complement each other.

Question 7.
What are the features of urban society?
Answer:
The following are features of carban societies. Industry based economy, professional works, transport and communication, increase in migration.

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Social Institutions Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
Institutions fulfil the _____________ of human beings.
Answer:
social needs

Question 2.
Family is a _____________ institution.
Answer:
social

Question 3.
Social institutions are _____________ of cultural transfer.
Answer:
medium

Question 4.
Religion aids in _____________ of values.
Answer:
preservation

II. Answer the following.

Question 1.
What is a social Institution?
Answer:
A Social Institution is a permanent structure that fulfills the desires of human beings.

Question 2.
Explain the functions of Family.
Answer:
a. Nourishment of the members the family assigns relationship to all its members. The members function as per their rules.

b. Security and socialisation: The family educates the children about interacting with society through socialization. It also provides social security to the members.

Question 3.
What are the features of Social Institution?
Answer:
The features of Social Institutions are
(a) Social institutions are universal
(b) Social Institutions have rules.
(c) Social Institutions fulfill the basic needs.
(d) Social Institutions has written and unwritten rules and regulations.
(e) Social Institutions are inter connected relationship.

Question 4.
What are the types of Social Institutions?
Answer:
The state, family, marriage, religion, court of law etc. are the few examples of social institution.

III. Answer the following in 4 or 5 sentence.

Question 1.
Explain the relationship between Social Institution and society?
Answer:
The Social Instituting in a given society remain interconnected. In a traditional society the family took care of bringing up a child, whereas in modern society, the school shares the role of bringing up a child. The children who come , from different families undergo socialisation in the school. The Social Institutions remain inter connected and complement each other.

Question 2.
Explain the ideals of religion as Social Institution.
Answer:
Religion is another Social Institution found in all societies. Religion grew along with human civilization.
Religion is one of the main medium of socialisation. It aide the spread of values like truthfulness, patience, peace, sacrifice and others. Religion fosters social unity. Truthfulness honesty and non – violence are some of the religious values that aid the social unity.

Religious aides in the preservation of values these values are supported by all the religious is one of the major means of achieving social control. It controls the human life through God and spiritual concepts. Religion guides its members to be disciplined and civilized.

Question 3.
Explain the functions of family as a social Institution.
Answer:
Marriage is the base of the family, the procreation of children, their upbringing and nourishment take place with the family. Marriage directs the other relationship in the family. Marriage often creates unity. Marriage brings together people from different social background and foster unity.

Question 4.
Write a note on Marriage.
Answer:
Marriage is an important social Institution. It provides social sanction for a man and woman to live together. Marriage provides entry to the family life. It allows the couple to stay together and lead a life of religious, economic and cultural life. Marriage is as old as human civilization. It has also undergone various changes too.

Additional Questions and Answers

Multiple choice questions.

Question 1.
______________ Institutions fulfil the social needs of human beings.
a. Social
b. Office
c. Culture
d. Physical Nature.

Question 2.
Social Institutions are found in all ______________
a. School
b. Societies
c. Nature
d. Atmosphere

Question 3.
The social Institutions fulfil the ______________ of human beings.
a. Luxurious
b. basic needs
c. a comfortable needsd.
d. A few needs.

Question 4.
______________ assigns relationship based on the age.
a. Family
b. School
c. Office
d. Court of Law

Question 5.
The family educates the children about interacting with
a. neighbour
b. school
c. society
d. Nature

Question 6.
______________ is the base of the family
a. Marriage
b. Money
c. Property
d. Employment.

Question 7.
What is the definition of Summer and Kellerller about social Institution.
Answer:
According to ‘Summer and Keller’ like living beings that have organs and cells, societies also have customs and institutions. Summer also says “a social institution is a permanent structure that fulfills the desires of human beings.”

Question 8.
Write a Maciver and Page definition about Social Institution.
Answer:
“Social Institutions are the structure devised to fulfill the desires of a particular social group”.

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Culture Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

Question 1.
Culture means _____________
Answer:
‘Cultivate or tend.’

Question 2.
Customs means _____________
Answer:
Traditional activities.

Question 3.
Unity in diversity is found in _____________
Answer:
India.

Question 4.
Human relationsip is found between _____________ and society.
Answer:
culture

Question 5.
_____________ is the relationship of transfer of ideas from generation to generation.
Answer:
culture

II. Answer the following in a sentence :

Question 1.
What is culture ?
Answer:
Culture means a life pattern of a group of people. It contains the life symbols along with beliefs and values.

Question 2.
Give examples of cultural diversity present in your neighbourhood?
Answer:
In Karnataka, we get to see people dressed in various kinds of clothes People are of different, language, belifs, customs etc.

Question 3.
Who divided the culture into two groups?
Answer:
Ogbum divides culture into two groups. They are

1. Material culture
2. Non- material culture.

Question 4.
What is material culture?
Answer:
Material culture is created by human beings by converting natural resources into man made structures like house, building, bridge, road, dam, machines, productions centers, industries, computer technology and others material culture is called civilization material culture undergoes change swiftly.

Question 5.
What is non – material culture?
Answer:
Non material culture means human achievements, tradition, belief, ritual and custom, moral values, ideals, art, literature, religion, language and many others are examples of non – material culture.

III. Answer the following in four or five sentences.

Question 1.
What is a custom ? Give example.
Answer:
The way of worshiping god is known as custom eg. Praying to God in Temples and Churches.

Question 2.
Explain the cultural diversity?
Answer:
We get to see people dressed in various kinds of cloths. People belonging to different races and people conversing in different languages. There cannot be the same kind of culture in any society, depending on the religion and life style. It is called as phorastic culture or cultural diversity.

Question 3.
Explain the features of culture.
Answer:
Culture is shaped by the geographical features, traditions and needs of the particular society.
Culture is transmitted from one generations to another. There will be different cultures depending on the religious and life styles followed by the people. This is called Pluralistic culture.

Question 4.
Culture and society are two forces of the some coin. How?
Answer:
Culture makes human beings different from other animals. Social controls in a society are based on cultural aspects. The social controls define the human behaviour individual in a society have membership in various social institutions. Every institutions regulates the behaviour of the individual through its cultural tools.
Eg; Our interactions with elders are guided by culture prevalent in our families and society.

Question 5.
Explain the features of fair :
Answer:
Often fairs have people with different language and culture displaying their skills in the form of circus. Similarity. various artisans display their skill here. These displays are also culture expressions. Many performers narrate the local versions of Ramayana and Mahabharatha.

Additional Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
_____________ indicates progress in life style.
Answer:
Culture

Question 2.
The word culture is derived from the lation words _____________
Answer:
‘colere’

Question 3.
_____________ does not come by birth.
Answer:
Culture

Question 4.
The respect for cultural diversity fosters peace and development in _____________
Answer:
human societies.

Answer the following Questions

Question 1.
What is the definitions of E.B. Tylor about culture.
Answer:
According E.B. Tylor “Culture is that complex whole which in dudes knowledge belief, art, rules and regulations, traditions and any other capabalities earned by the human being as a member of society.”

Question 2.
What is the definitions of Malinowski about culture?
Answer:
According to Malinowski “The tool created by human being to design his aims of life is called as culture.”

Question 3.
Culture is a Social? Define.
Answer:
Culture is not personal. It means sharing a community’s way of life, food, dress, rituals and living with them – Hence culture is social.

Question 4.
Culture is treasure of knowledge”
Answer:
Explain Culture provides the knowledge need for the social and physical existence of the human beings. Animals survive and get adjusted with their natural environment with the help of instincts. Human beings have to utilise their learned knowledge in order to survive. Language is part of culture.

The present and past knowledge is stored in the form of proverbs painting, writings etc, passed on to the next generation either oral or by written texts. So, culture is not only a bundle of traditions it is also a treasure of knowledge needed for social development.

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Introduction to sociology Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill up the following:

Question 1.
Man is ___________ being.
Answer:
social

Question 2.
‘Logus’ means _____________ .
Answer:
study

Question 3.
The father of sociology is ________________
Answer:
August comte

Question 4.
_______________ is called as the advocate of conflict theory.
Answer:
Karlmarx

Question 5.
Annihilation of caste was written by
Answer:
Dr. B.R.Ambedkar

II. Answer the followings.

Question 1.
Who is called the father of sociology?
Answer:
August Comte is called as the father of sociology.

Question 2.
Describe the nature of sociology?
Answer:
Sociology has a unique place among all the social sciences due to its unique nature, sociology is considered as independent and separate field of study.

Question 3.
What is sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is the science of human society.

(OR)
The scientific study of human society is called sociology.

Question 4.
Name the important Indian sociologist?
Answer:
Dr. B.R.Ambedkar, G.S.Ghruye, M.N.Srinivas, C.Parvathamma, Iravathi karve, A.R. Desai etc. are the important indian sociologist.

Question 5.
Name the important early sociologist.
Answer:
The important early sociologists are as follows: (1) August Comte, Herbert spencer, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx and others.

II. Answer the followings in 4 or 5 sentences.

Question 1.
Human beings are social beings. Explain.
Answer:
The relationship between the Individual and society are unique. There is no society without individual and there is no individual without society. A Human being is a social being, he always longs to live with other human being. The social living is necessary for the well being and growth. Hence, human society is called as ‘a web of social relationship’.

Question 2.
Explain the relationship between Sociology and History?
Answer:
Sociology and History are interrelated. History is the recreation of the life of a past society. Sociology is the recreation of contemporary society. Sociology support historians by providing scientific knowledge of various social institutions and their roles and functions.

Question 3.
What does Sociology study?
Answer:
Sociology studies the human society. It studies human social life, social relationship, social institutions and social process.

Question 4.
What books were written by karlmarx?
Answer:
The contributions of Karl marx are as follows The Das capital, The Holy family, The German Ideology-1845, The Manifesto of the communist party 1848 and others.

Question 5.
Write s note on Ambedkar’s early life.
Answer:
B.R. Ambedkar was born in Ambawade village of Maharashtra on April 14, 1981. He lost his mother at the age of six and grew up under the care of his aunt Meerabai and started his primary education at Satara.

Ambedkar joined the popular Elphinestone High School of Mumbai and passed matriculation with first class in 1907. He married Ramabai. He has completed B.A and M.A degrees.

Question 6.
Write a note on prominent sociologist from Karnataka C.Parvathamma.
Answer:
C. Parvathamma was born at Yagalli village of present Davnagere district in June 1928. She lost her father when she was only a nine month old baby. With the support from the maternal family, She grew up with her young mother.

She completed her intermediate education in Arts. She earned first rank in B.A honours. After completing higher education in foreign university. She made genuine attempts to spread the learning of sociology across Karnataka proves her commitment and sense social concerns.

Question 7.
Write note on noted indian sociologist M.N. Srinivas.
Answer:
M.N.Srinivas is the internationally renowned indian sociologist. He popularaised the ‘field based sociological studies’ in India. He was born in November 16,1916 at Mysore. His father Narasimhachar and mother Rukmini. He completed M.A.L.L.B and P.HD from Bombay university. He also earned D.Litfrom oxford university. He worked as Professor at Delhi. His major contributions “The religion and society of Kodavas of south India, Indian villages, ‘Social change in Modern India 1966, Remembered of village 1976.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who is called as the father of sociology? What are his contribution to sociology.
Answer:
August Comte is called as the father of sociology. He was a french philosopher. His contributions are: ‘Positivephilosophy’ 1839, Positive polity 1851, Human Religion 1857, He wrote many other important books on sociology.

Question 2.
Who is Emile Durkheim? What are his contributions to society?
Answer:
Emile Durkheim was the important sociologist in France. He proved that sociology is at par with many other science with his scientific writings.

His contributions: ‘The Division of labour in society’, The Rules of sociological method- 1895, the elementary reforms of religious life 1912 and others are important writing of him.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on Max Weber
Answer:
Max Weber is an unforgetable personality in the field of social science. He was one of the most prominent writer and politician of Germany Webster had interest in law, Economics, religion, art, history and sociology. He started his teachings career at Berlin University. His works: ‘The Protestant ethics and The spirit of capitalism in 1904, The city, The economy and the society and others.

Question 4.
What are the contribution of Dr.Ambedkar to sociology?
Answer:
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar is one of the prominent social reformer and an expert in law. he fought against the exploitations of dalits in India. Ambedkar proposes that education is the main tool of social transformation. Ambedkar argued in favour of compulsory and free education to all. Dr. Ambedkar played a pivotal role the preparation of the Draft indian constitution. Because of this practice role in played by Ambedkar, the Indian constitution has a unique way of assuring social justice and equality in the entire world.

Question 5.
Write a brief note on GLS.Ghruye?
Answer:
Ghruye played an important role in the establishment of departments of sociology in the indian universities. His college education was completed at Bombay University. He got P.hd from Cambridge University, London.

His works: ‘Caste and Race in India-1932, Scheduled tribes 1943, Indian saints-1953 and many other books were written by him.

Question 6.
Write a brief note on Iravati Karve.
Answer:
Iravati karve is recognised as the prominent sociologist of india. She had her M.A from Bombay University and worked at Pune college as professor.

Her contribution to sociology: Kinship and organisation in India, Indian society, Institution and relationship.

Question 7.
Write a brief note on A.R.Desai.
Answer:
A.R. Desai is an important sociologist among the prominent sociologists of india. He worked as the UGC national fellow and as head of department of sociology of Bombay University. As he was following the marxist ideology in his sociological studies, he was identified as ‘marxist sociologist’.

‘The sociological background of indian nationalism’ is his best work.
‘Indian rural sociology’ Slums and urbanisation are his major works.

II. Match the followings

1. August Comte	a. Class struggle theory
2. Karl Marx	b. Human Religion
3. Emile Durkheim	c. The economy and the society
4. Max.Weber	d. The elementary reforms of religions life.
5. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar	e. Caste and race in india
6. GS.Ghruye	f. Buddha and his Dhumma
7. M.N. Srinivas	g. Indian Society
8. Iravati Karve	h. Social change in modem indian

Answer:
1 – b,
2 – a,
3 – d,
4 – c,
5 – b,
6 – c,
7 – h,
8 – g.

III. Fill up the blanks:

Question 1.
Sociological essays on Veerashaivism was written by _______________
Answer:
C.Parvathamma

Question 2.
Indian rural sociology was the contribution of _______________
Answer:
A.R.Desai

Question 3.
_______________ constructs a systematic body of knowledge of human society.
Answer:
Sociology

Question 4.
_______________ is the work of August Comte
Answer:
‘Positive philosophy’

Question 5.
The Holy family was written by _______________
Answer:
Karl Marx

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer

Local Government Class 8 Questions and Answers KSEEB 8th Social Science

I. Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
Grama sabha is presided by the ________________ .
Answer:
President

Question 2.
The tenure of grama Panchayat pressident is ________________ years, or ________________ months.
Answer:
3 years or 30 months

Question 3.
In Grama Panchayat one member is elected for ________________ .
Answer:
5000 Population

Question 4.
In Bangalore Urban district a member is elected for ________________ .
Answer:
20,000 Population

Question 5.
The total number of city Corporation in Karnataka including Bangalore is ________________
Answer:
10

II. Answer the following Question briefly

Question 1.
What are the functions of local Government ?
Answer:
The functions of the local government are as follows ________________
It maintains and protects the panchayat property. It looks after the overall administration of the town or city.
It prepares a good town planning system and implements it.
It provides good roads, transportation, water supply, electricity, education,, market and health facilites.

It maintains cleanliness by providing good sewage system and disposal of urban waste.
It grants permission to build structures, maintains local body buildings and properties.
It records Registration of birth and death. It provides parks, sports and entertainment facilities.
It improves the living conditions in the slum areas by providing facilities.
It establish orphanages, Old age homes, begger colonies, Juvenile homes and child welfare centres. It encourages rain harvesting and cultural activities. It undertakes measures for the improvement or progress of backward classes and weaker sections.

Question 2.
Write a note on Grama Panchayat.
Answer:
In 1983 the Panchayat Raj Act was introduced and it came into effect in 1985. According this Act Zilla Panchayat at district level, Taluk Panchayat at taluk level and Grama Panchayat at village level were created through direct elections. The Karnataka Panchayat Raj Act was framed as per the 73rd amendment to the Indian Constitution in 1993.

This was renamed as ‘Karnataka Grama Swaraj and Panchayat Raj Act – 1993 in 2015.’ The Current Panchayat Raj System is according to the act. Grama Panchayats are formed on the basis of population. Village or group of villages with a population between 5,000 and 7,000 form Grama Panchayat. Regions of Uttar Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Malnad regions form Grama Panchayat only with the population of 2,000.

The members of the grama panchayat are elected by the adult population of the Panchayat area. One representative for 400 voters is elected. Reservation is provided to schedule caste, schedule tribe, backward classes and women. Grama Panchayat meetings must be held at least once in two months. Minimum one third of the members of the Panchayat must be present to take decisions, All the members of the Grama Panchayat together elect President and Vice-President for a term of 30 months.

President presides over the meetings of Grama Panchayat and in his absence Vice-President manages the deliberations. Reservation policy is applicable to the posts of President and Vice-President. Standing Committees are formed for the efficient administration of Grama Panchayat. The Panchayat development officer (PDO) is the executive head of Grama Panchayat.

Question 3.
Which are the sources of income for the Local Government? Sources of Income for local Self Government
Answer:
The local self governing bodies require funds to implement various plans and projects.
The main sources of income for local bodies are:

• Amount collected through water cess, health cess, educationcess, library and reading room cess.
• Amount collected through building tax, vacant land tax, taxes on business establishments, markets, entertainment houses and advertising bodies.
• Taxes collected from the tourist spots.
• Rental and lease amount collected on their properties.
• Financial grants from the state government.

Question 4.
Write a note on functions of urban local bodies.
Answer:
Urban local bodies have many functions. They are :

• To prepare the budget and get the approval of the council.
• To look after the overall administration of the town or city.
• To prepare a good town planning system and implement it.
• To provide good roads, transportation, water supply, electricity, education, market and health facilities.
• To maintain cleanliness by providing good sewage system and disposal of urban waste.
• Granting permission to build structures, maintainence of local body buildings and properties.
• Registration of births and deaths.
• To provide parks, sports and entertainment facilities.
• To improve the living conditions in the slum areas by providing facilities.
• To establish orphanages, old age homes, beggar colonies, juve nile homes and child welfare centers.
• To undertake the construction of swimming pools, stadiums, museums, bus stations, reading room facilities, public libraries, veterinary hospitals, theatre for cultural programmes, whole sale market yards and crematoriums.
• To plan for rain harvesting.
• To encourage cultural activities.
• To undertake measures for the improvement or progress of backward classes and weaker sections.
• To encourage and undertake such measures which can help to maintain greenery, cleanliness, and beauty of the town or the city

Question 5.
Write a note an city corporation
Answer:
City Corporation or Mahanagar palikes are constituted as per karanataka muncipal Corporation Act of 1976.

The city corporation or Mahanagar palike are formed in the areas with more than two lakh population and an income of more than Rs.one crore. The members of the Mahanagara palikes are called Corporaters. The numbers of corporators should not generally be less than 30 and not more than 100. The state government decides the size of the corporation. City is divided into smaller electrol divisions called Wards. One corporator is elected from each ward, corporators are directly elected by the people of that city. The mayur and deputy mayor are the leaders of the corporation. They are elected by the corporators. Their term of office is one year.

Additional Questions and Answers

Match the following

1. Panchayath Raj Act	a) 1976
2. Amendment of panchayat Raj	b) IAS
3.  Zilla Panchayat	c) CEO
4. Karnataka Muncipal Corporation Act	d) 1993
5. Mahanagara Palike	e) 1983

Answer:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – a
5 – b

Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The voting age of people who are going to cast their votes in the election,
(a) 18 years
(b) 2 years
(c) 25 years
(d) 30 years

Question 2.
There are ___________ Bruhat mahanagara palike is Karnataka
(a) 10
(b) 5
(c) one
(d) 8

Question 3.
___________ is appointed by the state government for a term of 3 years to mahana gara palike
(a) superindent of police (SP)
(b) Chief executive officer.

8th Standard Social Science Question and Answer